Phytochemical mediated gold nanoparticles and their PTP 1B inhibitory activity

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.008

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

Volume 75, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Pages 405-409

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.008 Get rights and content

Abstract

Current discovery demonstrates the rapid formation of gold nanoparticles with guavanoic acid a phytochemical of Psidium guajava (Pg). The pharmacological capabilities of the phytochemicals present in the leaves of Pg and their ability to generate gold nanoparticles is presented herein. The new genre of green nanoparticles exhibit remarkable Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) inhibitory activity and in vitro stability in various physiological medium including saline, histidine, cysteine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and buffers (pH 5, 7 and 9). It is predicted that this new technology will be felt greatly in several routes of pharmaceuticals.

Introduction

The fascinating potential applications of metal nanoparticles are determined by its chemical compositions, size, shapes and controlled dispersities [1]. Proliferation of nanoscience has opened up novel applications in a wide spectrum of areas that include biology and medicine [2], [3]. The interaction of several biomolecules with gold nanoparticles have been studied with a view to understand, the binding chemistry of biomolecules, their conformational changes upon binding, improved biological action and possibility of achieving drug delivery [4]. In this context it is noteworthy to mention that synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles by biological systems make nanoparticles more biocompatible and environmentally benign [5]. Consequently, an array of biological synthesis protocols leading to the formation of nanostructures have been reported using bacteria, yeast and fungi [6], [7]. We have recently reported on the biological synthesis of gold, silver and Ag shell Au core nanoparticles using single cell protein Spirulina platensis [8] and in another attempt biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles were achieved using seaweed Sargassum wightii [9], [10]. Keeping the biological perception in the present investigation we address on the rapid biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles in a single step using guavanoic acid of a plant Pg. Herein, we establish the hypothesis that physicochemical properties of nanoparticles determine their function by the discovery of a new biosynthesis protocol of gold nanoparticles having novel PTP 1B inhibitory activity. In recent years PTP 1B has been emerged as a promising therapeutic target in effective treatment of type II diabetes [11]. PTP 1B has been found to dephosphorylate the insulin receptors (IR) and involved in the control of IR signaling pathways, and these signaling events result in the homeostatic regulation of the blood glucose level [12]. Clinical studies have demonstrated that PTP 1B is primarily responsible for dephosphorylation of the activated insulin receptor and thus down regulates insulin-signaling, there by reducing the levels of PTP 1B, the inhibitors can enhance the activity of insulin. The results reported encompass the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and its PTP 1B inhibitory activity.

Section snippets

Materials

Chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄·3H₂O) was obtained from Loba Chem. PTP 1B (human recombinant) was purchased from BIOMOL^® international LP (USA). UV–vis spectroscopy measurements were carried out on 1601 Schimadzu spectrophotometer at a resolution of 1 nm between 300 and 900 nm. For FTIR measurements, bioreduced chloroauric solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 25 min. The pellet was washed three times with deionized water, dried and smirks with KBr pellets and analyzed on a Thermo Nicolet Avator in the

Results and discussion

Diverse pharmacological activities of Pg leaf extracts such as diarrheal, gastroenteritis and rotavirus [16], wounds [17], acne [18], dental plaque [19], malaria [20], allergies [21], coughs [22], diabetes [23], cardiovascular disorder [24], degenerative muscular diseases [25], inflammatory ailments [26], cancer [27] and antioxidants [28] indicate the immense potential of this plant. In this work we demonstrate its bioreduction property of gold salts and its PTP 1B inhibitory activity.

Our new

Conclusions

The ubiquitous place of gold in nanoscience stems from its unique chemical property of serving in the unoxidized state at the nanoparticulate level. Our results demonstrating the ability of the guavanoic acid mediated gold nanoparticles stability and its antidiabetic activity by PTP 1B inhibition represent a significant advance in nanomaterial with realistic implications.

Acknowledgements

GS thanks the DST, New Delhi for financial assistance. HR-TEM, GC–mass and NMR studies of SAIF, IIT, Chennai is gratefully acknowledged.

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Phytochemical mediated gold nanoparticles and their PTP 1B inhibitory activity

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Hydrometallurgy

Colloids Surf. B: Biointerface

Chin. Chem. Lett.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.

J. Ethnopharmacol.

J. Ethnopharmacol.

J. Ethanopharmacol.

J. Ethnopharmacol.

Nutr. Cancer

Spectrochim. Acta A

Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf.

Phytochemistry

Eur. J. Med. Chem.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.

Langmuir

Science

Science