Replacing antibodies with aptamers in lateral flow immunoassay
Section snippets
Aptamer preparation by SELEX
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA (often DNA) ligands that can adopt specific three-dimensional conformations to combine with target analytes with high specificity and affinity in a similar way to antibodies (Ellington and Szostak, 1990, Tuerk and Gold, 1990). Aptamers usually vary in length from 10 to 100 bases, and their typical structural motifs include stems, internal loops, purine-rich bulges, hairpin structures, hairpins, pseudoknots, kissing complexes, and G-quadruplex
Principles of lateral flow assays
To provide patient-centered healthcare for more people or cut the healthcare cost, the use of point-of-care testing (POCT) has constantly increased over the past 40 years, aiming at delivering cost-effective healthcare to patients near their homes. As the dominant technologies in this review, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), also known as immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) or strip tests (Dzantiev et al., 2014), are currently used for qualitative, semi-quantitative, and to some extent
Antibodies' limitations and aptamers' opportunities in LFIA
Many efforts have been made for lateral flow immunoassays to improve the performance of existing technologies including better sensitivity, reproducibility, quantification, and multiplexing capability. With continuously improved materials, reagents, approaches, manufacturing equipment, and manufacturing processes, LFIAs have evolved into a true laboratory-based system when a whole new generation of facilitative technologies is introduced. LFIAs utilize the lateral flow strip as a component of a
Designing aptamer-based LFIA
Aptamers have recently attracted considerable attention in diagnostic applications due to their inherent advantages over antibodies. The use of aptamers in the lateral flow technology as an alternative to antibodies is under investigation at the time of writing. Similar to LFIA, there are also two formats, i.e., sandwich and competitive (or inhibition) formats, for lateral flow aptamer assay (LFAA). Beside this, there are also some other aptamer-based LF methods with distinctive nucleic acid
Future prospect
In the past two decades, aptamers has been remarkably developed in analytical chemistry. Aptamers have been shown to be versatile and effective as molecular probes in designing various types of electrochemical (Ho et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012), fluorescence (Kim et al., 2012, Zhang et al., 2011), chemiluminescence (Freeman et al., 2011), or colorimetric (Zhu et al., 2010) sensing schemes for a broad spectrum of targets with high sensitivity and selectivity, comparable to and sometimes even
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2012DFA31140). The authors express their gratitude for the support.
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