Original articlePrevalence, Clinical Correlates, and Longitudinal Course of Severe Mood Dysregulation in Children
Section snippets
Subjects and Procedures
The GSMS is an ongoing, 15-year longitudinal population study of psychiatric disorders. Procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Duke University Medical Center. As reviewed by Costello et al (1996), a multistep probability sampling procedure was used. First, a representative sample of three cohorts of children ages 9, 11, and 13 was identified in 11 counties in western North Carolina. Then, a screening questionnaire, derived from the “externalizing” scale of the Child
Question 1: Prevalence of SMD
In the sample of 1420 youth, 96 met criteria for SMD at one or more waves, indicating a weighted lifetime prevalence of 3.3% in children ages 9–19 years old. Of the entire SMD sample (n = 96), most children were Caucasian (93.3%) and male (77.6%), with a mean age of 11.7 ± 2.1 when first meeting SMD criteria (Table 2). Approximately one-half (n = 54, weighted 49.1%) with SMD met criteria in the first wave (mean age 10.6 ± 1.4 years). Most SMD youth (82.5%) met SMD criteria in only one wave;
Discussion
A syndrome of severe, chronic irritability and hyperarousal (severe mood dysregulation, or SMD) has been recognized as a common problem in clinical settings. However, it remains unclear how to categorize children with this presentation. Specifically, the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and relationship to later psychiatric disorders have not received systematic study. Whereas most research on pediatric bipolar phenotypes relies on clinical samples, it is vital to extend this work to
References (28)
- et al.
Six-year predictors of problems in a national sample of children and youth: ICross-informant syndromes
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1995) - et al.
Toward establishing an empirical basis for the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1996) Identifying prepubertal mania
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1995)Mania and ADHD: Comorbidity or confusion
J Affect Disord
(1998)- et al.
Manic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent population
J Affect Disord
(1988) - et al.
Development and natural history of mood disorders
Biol Psychiatry
(2002) - et al.
Examining the association between pediatric bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders in psychiatrically referred children and adolescents
J Affect Disord
(2005) - et al.
Bipolar disorders in a community sample of older adolescents: Prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1995) - et al.
Diagnosis of manic episodes in adolescent inpatients: Structured diagnostic procedures compared to clinical chart diagnoses
Psychiatry Res
(2001) - et al.
Parsing pediatric bipolar disorder from its associated comorbidity with the disruptive behavior disorders
Biol Psychiatry
(2001)
Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen
Monogr Soc Res Child Dev
A test-retest reliability study of child-reported psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA-C)
Psychol Med
The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)
Psychol Med
Clinical correlates of episodicity in juvenile mania
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
Cited by (386)
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relations Among Irritability, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, and Inhibitory Control
2024, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryChanges in Early Childhood Irritability and Its Association With Depressive Symptoms and Self-Harm During Adolescence in a Nationally Representative United Kingdom Birth Cohort
2024, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryComplementary and Integrative Treatments of Aggressiveness/Emotion Dysregulation: Associated with Disruptive Disorders and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
2023, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North AmericaIrritability in early to middle childhood: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with resting state amygdala and ventral striatum connectivity
2023, Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceRoads Diverged: Developmental Trajectories of Irritability From Toddlerhood Through Adolescence
2023, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Anxiety and Irritability With Adolescents’ Neural Responses to Cognitive Conflict
2023, Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging