Failure of 17-4 PH stainless steel components in offshore platforms

doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100117-2.00019-4

Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis with Case Studies from the Oil and Gas Industry

2016, Pages 353-370

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Abstract

Precipitation hardening is a strengthening mechanism very common in many classes of metallic materials, from Al and Cu alloys to high-strength steels. In special, precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels may allow corrosion resistance and mechanical strength desired to special applications. Despite this, there are many cases of failures involving PH stainless steels reported in the literature. Incorrect material selection or wrong heat treatment procedures are usually associated to these cases of failure. This chapter is focused on three cases of failure of 17-4 PH steel, a common precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel used in oil and gas production and refining industries.

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Cited by (5)

Hydrogen embrittlement induced fracture of 17-4 PH stainless steel valve stem
2020, Engineering Failure Analysis
Citation Excerpt :
High-strength steels are more susceptible to environmentally assisted cracking. Previous studies showed that inappropriate heat treatment may cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) [14,15]. Tavares et al. [16] investigated two failures of springs on pressure safety valve (PSV).
The 17–4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel (SS) is being widely used in high-pressure corrosive environments due to its high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Some stems of valves employed in petrochemical pipeline are manufactured from 17-4 PH SS in order to ensure strength, impact toughness and reduce corrosion. Here we presented a rare failure case of 17–4 PH SS. In the present failure analysis, an instantaneous fracture of a valve stem in a pipeline system occurred. The stem was made of 17-4 PH SS and ruptured after a short-term use. A systematic study including metallographic, fractographic, chemical and mechanical analysis was carried out to explore the failure mechanism. The results indicate that incorrect peak-aging treatment and phase segregation induce high hardness and high hydrogen embrittlement (HE) tendency of 17-4 PH SS. It was concluded that, the failure of the valve stem is related to HE at the stress concentration region.
Tandem metal inert gas process for high productivity wire arc additive manufacturing in stainless steel
2019, Additive Manufacturing
Citation Excerpt :
Instead, the difference between the specimens built with WFS = 8 m/min and WFS = 9 m/min is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0192). The hardness test results using a tandem troch pulse MIG welding with a lowest deposition rate of 4.5 kg was seen to be around 398 HV [10]. The results obtained for higher deposition rates are close to the single CMT process from the past study, which at much lower deposition rate achieved a hardness of 340 HV.
This study investigates the feasibility of achieving high deposition rate using wire + arc additive manufacturing in stainless steel to reduce lead time and cost of manufacturing. The pulse MIG welding technique with a tandem torch was used for depositing martensitic stainless steel 17-4 pH. The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the manufactured component were analysed to evaluate the limitations and the extent to which the rate of deposition reaches a maximum without any failure or defect being evident in the manufactured component. Deposition rate of 9.5 kg/h was achieved. The hardness was matched for the as deposited condition.
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Comparing Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Wrought 17-4PH Stainless Steel
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Corrosion behavior of active-screen plasma nitrided 17-4 PH (H1150D) Steel in H<inf>2</inf>S/CO<inf>2</inf>-containing environments
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Chapter 17 - Failure of 17-4 PH stainless steel components in offshore platforms

Abstract