Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volume 27, Issues 1–2, November 1989, Pages 163-176

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

Antiulcerogenic activities of three plant drugs were studied against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. In addition, their effects on output of gastric acid and pepsin and hexosamine concentrations in gastric fluid were recorded in ulcerated and non-ulcerated rats. Solanum nigrum (aerial parts) powder and its methanolic extract decreased the ulcer index significantly. The activity may be due to inhibition of acid and pepsin secretions and/or their in vitro ability to bind these. Brassica oleracea (leaf) powder did not affect the ulcer index significantly but its aqueous extract lowered the index and increased hexosamine levels, suggesting gastric mucosal protection. Ocimum basilicum (aerial parts) powder and its aqueous and methanolic extracts decreased the index. Moreover, the acid output was decreased by its methanolic extract while hexosamine secretion was enhanced. This suggests that its antiulcerogenic effect is due to decreases of acid and pepsin outputs which enhance gastric mucosal strength. The reference drug gefarnate decreased the ulcer index by increasing the hexosamine level only. Cimetidine inhibited the acid production but did not decrease the ulcer index.

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Overcoming the exacerbating effects of ranitidine on NSAID-induced small intestinal toxicity with quercetin: Providing a complete GI solution
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Citation Excerpt :
The significance of ethnopharmacology in the exploration for phytopharmaceutical agents with gastro-enteroprotective activity could be understood by the observation that the first gastroprotective drug was carbenoxolone, discovered as a result of extensive research on a commonly used indigenous plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra [16]. Furthermore, studies on cabbage (Brassica oleracea), an anti-ulcer agent in folk medicine, has led to the development of gefarnate, an antiulcer drug [22]. Thus, undoubtedly, a hunt amid medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents is still the key to our success against the NSAID-induced GI lesions, despite the progress in conventional chemistry and pharmacology in producing effective drugs [13–15,23].
There is a need to find/discover novel leads to treat complex and/or multi-factorial-pathogenic disease(s) like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced gastroenteropathy or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity as it has emerged as an important medical and socioeconomic problem. There is no approved therapeutic strategy to prevent NSAID-induced enteropathic damage and highly effective gastro-protective drugs such as ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) exacerbate it. In this purview, the multi target drug discovery approach (MTDD), combination approach and hit to lead strategies based on the foundation of ethnopharmacology and/or reverse pharmacology holds strong potential. Hence, the primary objectives of the current study were to explore the mechanism behind the preventative/curative effects of quercetin (QCT) on RAN exacerbated diclofenac sodium (DIC)-induced enteropathic damage and to assess the effects of co-administration of QCT and RAN on DIC-induced gastropathic damage in rats. Rats were treated twice daily with QCT (35, 50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹ PO) and/or RAN (15 mg kg⁻¹ PO) or vehicle for a total of 10 days. In some experiments, DIC (9 mg kg⁻¹) was administered orally twice daily for the final 5 days of RAN/QCT + RAN/vehicle administration. Rats in all the groups were fasted after the last dose on 9th day (free access to water). 12 h after the last dose on 10th day, rats were euthanized and their GI tracts were assessed for haemorrhagic damage, alteration in xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation, intestinal permeability and GI luminal pH alterations along with haematological and biochemical estimations. The macroscopic, haematological, biochemical and histological evidences suggested that, though, RAN prevented the DIC-induced gastric injury, it exacerbated enteropathic damage. However, QCT not only significantly attenuated the RAN-induced exacerbation of enteropathic damage caused by DIC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg kg⁻¹, but, this combination provided complete GI safety against the toxic effects of DIC too. The mechanisms behind the gastro-enteroprotective ability of QCT may be related to its ability to inhibit XO activity thus, preventing enhanced oxidative stress on GI tissues, prevent lipid peroxidation, IP alteration and alteration in GI luminal pH. The preventative effects of QCT on NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy were ably supported by the QCT induced prevention of GI blood loss and serum protein loss. These pharmaco-mechanistic results of QCT are aligning to combination based MTDD approach and hence we propose it as a promising lead to treat NSAID-gastroenteropahty and related complications.
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A polysaccharide fraction from Solanum nigrum, SN-ppF3 was shown previously to have an immunomodulatory activity where it could possibly be used to enhance the host immune response in fighting cancer. The non-toxic SN-ppF3 was fed orally to breast tumor bearing-mice with concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg for 10 days. During the treatment period, size of the tumor and weight of the mice were monitored. At the end of the treatment, blood, tumor, spleen and thymus were harvested for physiological and immunological analyses. After the treatment, the tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly inhibited by 65% and 40%, respectively. Based on the histological observation, the treatment of SN-ppF3 resulted in the disruption of tumor cells morphology. The increase in infiltrating T cells, NK cells and macrophages were observed in tumor tissues of the treated mice, which partly explained the higher apoptosis tumor cells observed in the treated mice. Moreover, the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 were elevated, while the level of IL-6 was decreased significantly, in serum of the treated mice. These results suggested that tumor suppression mechanisms observed in SN-ppF3-treated mice were most probably due through enhancing the host immune response.
Gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract and isolated compounds from the leaves of Solanum cernuum Vell.
2015, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
The crude extracts and isolated compounds from plants displaying antimicrobial inhibitory concentrations above 100 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively, are not considered promising in the search for new antimicrobial (Ríos and Recio, 2005). The results obtained in our tests with S. cernuum extract corroborate the gastroprotective properties of the genus Solanum and support its use to treat gastric disorders (Vieira Júnior et al., 2014; Nguelefack et al., 2008; Jainu and Dev, 2006; Mesia-Vela et al., 2002; Akhtar and Munir, 1989). Thus, S. cernuum ESC has potential for further development as a safe and effective alternative therapy to current conventional medications for treating gastric ulcer.
Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant, traditionally known as “panaceia”. Its folk name is probably due to its wide range of applications in traditional medicine including the treatment of ulcers.
To evaluate the gastroprotective activities of the hydroethanolic extract (ESC) of S. cernuum and its major isolated compounds using in vivo gastric ulcer models.
The ESC extract was obtained by maceration followed by percolation of the dried and powdered leaves of S. cernuum in ethanol:water (7:3). The major compounds in the extract were isolated by applying various preparative chromatographic techniques. The gastroprotective activity was evaluated in mice using different gastric ulcer-induced models. The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was performed using the agar-well diffusion and broth microdilution methods.
The ESC extract showed gastroprotective effects in the assay of acute gastric ulcer-induced by HCl/EtOH, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer protocols. The results also demonstrated that the gastroprotection induced by ESC extract is related to the activity of nitric oxide and endogenous sulfhydryls, which are important gastroprotective factors. The ESC extract and the alkaloid cernumidine did not show activity against H. pylori in the concentrations tested.
The present study showed that the crude extract of S. cernuum possessed gastroprotective activity which corroborating the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of gastric ulcers. The isolated flavonoids, quercitrin and afzelin as well as the phenylpropanoid, isoferulic acid are suggested to be the compounds responsible for the gastroprotective activity of S. cernuum extract.
Mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of synthesized nano-crystalline silver particles using leaves and green berry extract of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae: Solanales)
2013, Acta Tropica
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that are synthesized by using aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum L., is a simple, non-toxic and ecofriendly green material. The present study is based on assessments of the larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized AgNPs from fresh leaves, dry leaves and green berries of S. nigrum against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi and four human pathogenic and five fish pathogenic bacteria respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized with UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The nanoparticles are spherical to polyhedral in shape with size of 50–100 nm (average size of 56.6 nm). In larvicidal bioassay with synthesized AgNPs, highest mortality are observed at 10 ppm against An. stephensi with LC₅₀ values of 1.33, 1.59, 1.56 ppm and LC₉₀ values of 3.97, 7.31, 4.76 ppm for dry leaves, fresh leaves and berries respectively. Antibacterial activity test reveals better results against fish pathogenic bacteria than human pathogenic bacteria. Non target organism like Toxorhynchites larvae (mosquito predator), Diplonychus annulatum (predatory water-bug) and Chironomus circumdatus larvae (chironomid) are also exposed to respective lethal concentrations (to mosquito larvae) of dry nanoparticles and no abnormality in the non target organisms are recorded. These results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs of S. nigrum have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly compound for the control of the mosquito larvae and harmful bacteria.

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Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of Solanum nigrum, Brassica oleracea and Ocimum basilicum in rats

Abstract

European Journal of Pharmacology

Journal of Pharmacological Methods

Gastroenterology

Pharmacological research on gefarnate, a new synthetic isoprenoid with an antiulcer action

Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie

Recurrence during maintenance therapy with histamine H2 receptor antagonist in cases of gastric ulcer

Nihon University Journal of Medicine

The mechanism of action of gefarnate in the light of the latest data on digestive physiopathology

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Comparative evaluation of the effect of drugs from Campanulaceae on gastric changes

Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal

Stomach and duodenum

The antiulcerogenic activity of unripe plantain banana (Musa spp.)

British Journal of Pharmacology

Glycyrrhetinic acid hydrogen succinate (disodium) salt, a new anti-inflammatory compound

Lancet

Developments in non-anticholinergic antiulcer agents

American Journal of Digestive Diseases

Absorption of acetyl salicylic acid from unbuffered and buffered gastric contents

American Journal of Digestive Diseases

Cell turnover and loss and the gastric mucosal barrier

American Journal of Digestive Diseases

A spectrophotometeric method for the determination of hexosamines

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Prostaglandins and pirenzepine gastric cytoprotection: Review of recent macroscopic and microscopic studies

The effect of biological variables on the antiulcerogenic effect of vegetable plantain banana

Planta Medica

Recurrence during maintenance therapy with histamine H₂ receptor antagonist in cases of gastric ulcer