Hekla 3: how big was it?
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Cited by (36)
Reconciling multiple ice-core volcanic histories: The potential of tree-ring and documentary evidence, 670-730 CE
2016, Quaternary InternationalCitation Excerpt :Nonetheless, when multiple ice-core volcanic signals are examined, a frequent though variable association with tree-ring width and density minima can be observed over long periods (e.g., Scuderi, 1990; Gervais and MacDonald, 2001; Hantemirov et al., 2004; Salzer and Hughes, 2007; Helama et al., 2013). Tree-rings thus hold potential to validate or refine ice-core volcanic dates, as previously attempted for archaeologically and historically significant eruptions (e.g., Baillie, 1989, 2008, 2010; Larsen et al., 2008; Pearson et al., 2009; Plummer et al., 2012). In undertaking this, it is important to recognize that tree-ring response will vary widely, even to the extent that large eruptions with a definite presence in the ice may not find clear expression in the trees.
Environmental indifference? A critique of environmentally deterministic theories of peatland archaeological site construction in Ireland
2013, Quaternary Science ReviewsCitation Excerpt :In the absence of precise chronicles and instrumental records, however, ascertaining causal links between climate change and social response is a considerably intricate process, not least due to the difficulties of achieving sufficient chronological control to establish a secure temporal framework for the observed events. Even when temporal coincidence provides a basis for considering cause-and-effect, there is a danger that undue consideration of the wider archaeological record will lead to contentious hypotheses (e.g. Baillie, 1989, 1993; Turney et al., 2006; Turney and Brown, 2007). This paper examines one instance of human activity that took place in a climatically-sensitive environmental setting and for which climate change has been invoked as an influential factor that highlights some of the limitations of even the most plausible climatically-determined theories.
Out of tune: The dangers of aligning proxy archives
2012, Quaternary Science ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The Hekla 3 tephra was first dated at c. 3140-2885 cal BP (95% intervals calibrated from Icelandic 14C dates by Dugmore et al., 1995). This period overlapped with a severe narrow-ring event in Northern Irish trees, several archaeological/historical events in Ireland and China, and a major acid spike in Greenland ice, leaving (Baillie and Munro, 1988; Baillie, 1989, 1991) with “little doubt that this event is the Hekla 3 eruption”. However, this link was subsequently refuted through high-precision 14C dating, which placed Hekla 3 a century after said events (Plunkett, 1999; van den Bogaard et al., 2002).
Simulating the impacts of distal volcanic products upon peatlands in northern Britain: An experimental study on the Moss of Achnacree, Scotland
2005, Journal of Archaeological ScienceVolcanoes as agents of past environmental change
1999, Global and Planetary ChangeEnvironmental change and tephra deposition: The strath of Kildonan, Northern Scotland
1995, Journal of Archaeological Science