Abstract
Zinc(II) and syringic acid are natural supplements with medicinal attributes. The antidiabetic and antioxidative synergism between zinc(II) and syringic acid in diabetic rats by complexing both was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using 10% fructose and 40 mg/kg bw streptozotocin and, thereafter, subjected to a 4-week treatment with the complex and its precursors (syringic acid and zinc sulfate) at predetermined doses. Then, the effect of the treatments on diabetes and oxidative stress–related parameters was measured. Diabetic polyphagia and polydipsia were reduced, and weight loss was appreciably recovered by the complex. Complexing zinc(II) and syringic acid improved their anti-hyperglycemic action by ∼28 to 36% and ∼37 to 40%, respectively, suggesting a complexation-mediated synergism. This is attributed to the modulatory action of the complex on insulin secretion and sensitivity, tissue glycogen production, muscle hexokinase activity, and Akt phosphorylation, thus improving glucose tolerance in diabetic rats, relative to its precursors. Concomitantly, the complex reduced systemic and tissue lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic rats. The complex outperformed its precursors. In some cases, the antidiabetic action of the complex was comparable to metformin. Complexing Zn(II) and syringic acid may be an under-explored therapeutic approach to improving the effectiveness for diabetes and oxidative stress management.
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The study was funded by the Postdoctoral (funding reference number: 116701) Scholarship of the National Research Foundation, South Africa.
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LMR: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing of original draft. GRM: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing of original draft. SSM: funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, software, supervision, and writing, review and editing of manuscript. OLE: formal analysis, methodology, resources, software, and manuscript writing, review and editing. TJM: methodology, resources, and writing, review and editing. CIC: conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, resources, supervision, and writing, review and editing. All authors have read the final version of this paper and approved its publication.
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Approval was obtained from the UFS Animal Ethics Committee to use animals for experimental purposes (protocol approval reference: UFS-AED2019/0152/2020, approved on 16 November 2020). The rules and regulations of the Ethics Committee, which followed the guidelines of the South African National Standard for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (SANS 10386:2008), were adhered to in the experiment.
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Ramorobi , L.M., Matowane , G.R., Mashele, S.S. et al. Therapeutic Antidiabetic and Antioxidative Synergism of Zn(II)-Syringic Acid Complexation. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 33, 402–414 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-023-00363-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-023-00363-0