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Precise gene replacement in plants through CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology: current status and future perspectives

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Abstract

CRISPR/Cas, as a simple, versatile, robust and cost-effective system for genome manipulation, has dominated the genome editing field over the past few years. The application of CRISPR/Cas in crop improvement is particularly important in the context of global climate change, as well as diverse agricultural, environmental and ecological challenges. Various CRISPR/Cas toolboxes have been developed and allow for targeted mutagenesis at specific genome loci, transcriptome regulation and epigenome editing, base editing, and precise targeted gene/allele replacement or tagging in plants. In particular, precise replacement of an existing allele with an elite allele in a commercial variety through homology-directed repair (HDR) is a holy grail in genome editing for crop improvement as it has been very difficult, laborious and time-consuming to introgress the elite alleles into commercial varieties without any linkage drag from parental lines within a few generations in crop breeding practice. However, it still remains very challenging in crop plants. This review intends to provide an informative summary of the latest development and breakthroughs in gene replacement using CRISPR/Cas technology, with a focus on achievements, potential mechanisms and future perspectives in plant biological science as well as crop improvement.

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Acknowledgements

Some mentioned works in this review are partly funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Grant nos. 2019ZX08010001 and 2019ZX08010003), the Central Non-Profit Fundamental Research Funding supported by Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (S2018QY05).

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  1. Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China

    Shaoya Li & Lanqin Xia

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  1. Shaoya Li
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SYL and LQX wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lanqin Xia.

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Li, S., Xia, L. Precise gene replacement in plants through CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology: current status and future perspectives. aBIOTECH 1, 58–73 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-019-00009-7

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