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Apoptosis in the late replication phase of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 in experimentally infected calves

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Short Communication
  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a pathogen causing respiratory and reproductive clinical signs in cattle. Infected animals may develop rhinotracheitis, vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, and abortion. Viral latency is generally established in neuronal ganglia simultaneously to a decrease in both genes or genome expression and viral replication. Under stressful conditions, infection is reactivated leading to viral replication and the manifestation of clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated both viral reactivation and apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia cells as BoHV-1 progressed from the latent to the acute phase of infection after dexamethasone administration in experimentally infected calves. To test ganglia cell death as a consequence of BoHV-1 infection, we stained the BoHV-1 samples with TUNEL after the viral shedding by the calves. RT-qPCR of apoptotic genes was also performed, showing the upregulation of the caspase 8 gene in the trigeminal ganglia from cattle experimentally infected with BoHV-1. These results showed the occurrence of apoptosis in ganglion cells of calves infected by BoHV-1.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Brazilian Government Agencies: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – FAPEMIG. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Paulo Michel Roehe (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) for providing the BoHV-1 strain.

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The published data and procedures claim and comply with field standards

Funding

This research was funded by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) (grant number 0577/2018), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (grant number 307701/2019-0), and FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais) (grant number PPM-00796-15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil

    Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira, Elaine Nery de Araújo, Nívia Carolina Lopes Rosado, Marcus Rebouças Santos, Lidiany Lopes Gomes, Laura Morais Nascimento Silva & Abelardo Silva-Júnior

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil

    Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto & Gustavo Costa Bressan

  3. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil

    Gustavo Ferreira Martins

  4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, F130G Veterinary Medical Center, 784 Wilson RD, Room 784 Wilson Road, Room F130G, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Srinand Sreevatsan

Authors
  1. Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira
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  2. Elaine Nery de Araújo
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  3. Nívia Carolina Lopes Rosado
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  4. Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
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  8. Gustavo Costa Bressan
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  10. Srinand Sreevatsan
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  11. Abelardo Silva-Júnior
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira, Elaine Nery de Araújo, and Nívia Carolina Lopes Rosado. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira and Abelardo Silva Júnior. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abelardo Silva-Júnior.

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Ethics approval

For the implementation of this study, the use of animals with subsequent euthanasia was necessary. Thus, all animal handling stages were strictly under the criteria of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (approval protocol: 23/2013).

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All authors approved the version to be published.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Fernando R. Spilki

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Supplementary information

Fig. S1:

Experimental design and timeline of BoHV-1 experimentally infected cattle. Girolandos (1/2 Gir – 1/2 Dutch) male calves (n=16) were equally divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) G1 and G2 animals were mock inoculated, and G3 and G4 animals were challenged with BoHV-1 (107.3 TCID50/ml). Nasal swabs were collected from all groups for viral isolation. Blood samples were collected all groups to monitor the humoral response. Dexamethasone was administrated in G1 (negative control group for G3) and in G3 to stimulate the viral recrudescence and productive infection. Throughout the experimental period, animals underwent weekly clinical tests to monitor the clinical evolution of BoHV-1 infection. Trigeminal ganglia were harvested on day 51 pi after animals' euthanasia. (PNG 22859 kb)

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Ferreira, H.C.C., de Araújo, E.N., Rosado, N.C.L. et al. Apoptosis in the late replication phase of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 in experimentally infected calves. Braz J Microbiol 52, 2529–2534 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00546-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00546-8

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