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Phosphorus Fertilization of an Ultramafic Soil Reduced Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi but not Mycorrhizal Colonization

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are generally involved in the adaptation of native plants to ultramafic soils, especially in New Caledonia. These soils are deficient in major elements, particularly in phosphorus (P), and are rich in potentially toxic metals such as nickel, chromium, cobalt, and manganese. We aimed to test the effects of increasing P doses on mycorrhizal functions of plants grown on P-deficient ultramafic soil. We analyzed the effects of soil P fertilization on growth, mineral nutrition and potentially toxic metal absorption of plants inoculated or not with AMF native isolates. Three endemic plants frequently used in the ecological restoration were tested: Metrosideros laurifolia (Myrtaceae), Alphitonia neocaledonica (Rhamnaceae), and Tetraria comosa (Cyperaceae). They were grown in pots supplied with different doses of P, after being inoculated or not with AMF. P fertilization increased greatly the growth rate of all three species. In pots non-supplied with P, only M. laurifolia showed a higher growth rate when inoculated with AMF, but all plant species showed different positive effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis, such as better mineral nutrition, particularly for potassium (K) and calcium and a higher calcium/magnesium values (Ca/Mg). Mycorrhizal colonization was not reduced by P supply, but the specific positive effects of AMF on growth and mineral nutrition were reduced or suppressed. Negative effects of P fertilization on mycorrhizal functions were induced without reduction of mycorrhizal colonization. As the adaptive traits of the three plants to ultramafic soils were obtained by a reduction of their growth rate, we hypothesized that the high increase of this growth rate induced by P fertilization could have altered this adaptive structure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the LAMA laboratory (LAMA-US IMAGO-IRD, New Caledonia) for the chemical analyses.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge CNRT “Nickel et son Environnement” for providing the financial support. The results reported in this publication are partly taken up from the CNRT report “Ecomine BioTop.” We also are grateful to the South Province of New Caledonia for providing the PhD grant of Simon Gensous.

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  1. Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4-98851, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia

    Hamid Amir, Simon Gensous, Yvon Cavaloc & Laurent Wantiez

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  1. Hamid Amir
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  2. Simon Gensous
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  3. Yvon Cavaloc
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Contributions

H.A. supervised and designed the research, provided the funding, and wrote the manuscript. S.G. conducted the experiment and corresponding analyses and treated the data. Y.C. contributed to the research supervision, particularly the molecular aspects. L.W. (statistician biologist) realized and corrected the statistical analyses and wrote the corresponding parts of materials and methods.

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Correspondence to Hamid Amir.

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Amir, H., Gensous, S., Cavaloc, Y. et al. Phosphorus Fertilization of an Ultramafic Soil Reduced Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi but not Mycorrhizal Colonization. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 3544–3554 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00626-6

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