Abstract
Recent developments in organoid culture technologies have made it possible to closely recapitulate intrinsic characteristics of different tissues under in vitro conditions. These organoids act as a translational bridge between the traditional 2D/3D cultures and the in vivo models for studying the tissue development processes, disease modeling, and drug screening. Matrigel and tissue-specific extracellular matrix have been shown to support organoid development, efficiently; however, their chemically undefined nature, non-tunable properties, and associated batch-to-batch variations often limit reproducibility of the assembly process. In this regard, chemically defined platforms offer wider opportunities to optimize and recreate tissue-specific microenvironment. The present review delineates the current research trends in this sphere, focusing on material perspective and the target tissues (e.g., neural, liver, pancreatic, renal, and intestinal). The review winds up with a discussion on the current limitations and future perspective to provide a basis for future research.
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Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
Two dimensional
- 3D:
-
Three dimensional
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EHS:
-
Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm
- LMN:
-
Laminin
- COLIV:
-
Collagen IV
- HA:
-
Hyaluronic acid
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- PIC:
-
Polyisocyanopeptide
- MMPs:
-
Matrix metalloproteinases
- GLDH:
-
Glutamate dehydrogenase
- ESCs:
-
Embryonic stem cells
- HSPCs:
-
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
- BMSCs:
-
Bone marrow stromal cells
- PEGDA:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- FN:
-
Fibronectin
- DV:
-
Dorsal–ventral
- iPSCs:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cells
- ALB:
-
Albumin
- MDR1:
-
Multidrug resistance protein 1
- CNF:
-
Cellulose nanofibril
- ALAT:
-
Alanine aminotransferase
- ASAT:
-
Aspartate transaminase
- PEGDE:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether
- LGR5:
-
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- BME2:
-
Basement Membrane Extract Type 2
- dPMP:
-
Degradable PEG-MMP-PEG
- ndPH:
-
Non-degradable PEG–heparin
- dPMH:
-
Degradable PEG-MMP-Heparin
- LEC:
-
LMN–entactin complex
- HNF4α:
-
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
- E-cad:
-
E-cadherin
- KRT19:
-
Cytokeratin 19
- NHE3:
-
Sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3
- Muc2:
-
Mucin 2
- Lyz:
-
Lysozyme
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Acknowledgements
TA would like to acknowledge the INSPIRE scheme, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing the fellowship. Graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com. Authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of Ms. Sampriti Pal, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, in proofreading the manuscript.
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TA contributed to conceptualization, writing—original draft, and writing—reviewing and editing; NC and MC performed writing—original draft; TKM contributed to conceptualization and writing—reviewing and editing; PM helped in writing–reviewing and editing.
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Agarwal, T., Celikkin, N., Costantini, M. et al. Recent advances in chemically defined and tunable hydrogel platforms for organoid culture. Bio-des. Manuf. 4, 641–674 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-021-00126-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-021-00126-7