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Recent Progress in MXene-Based Materials for Metal-Sulfur and Metal-Air Batteries: Potential High-Performance Electrodes

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Abstract

Rechargeable batteries, which are used for renewable energy storage, have paved the way for reducing the enormous pressure of the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Recently, promising electrode materials with high energy and power density and favorable electrochemical performance for energy conversion and storage have been developed to meet the ever-growing demand for renewable power for electric vehicles or grid applications. MXenes, which constitute an impressive two-dimensional transition metal carbide/carbonitride family, exhibit great energy storage potential based on their ideal specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and superior chemical durability in batteries. The recent advances in MXenes and their composites for metal-sulfur batteries (specifically lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur batteries) and metal-air batteries (specifically lithium-air and zinc-air batteries) are comprehensively and systematically summarized in this review. Furthermore, the performance management strategies, next-stage research prospects, and remaining practical challenges for MXene-based materials in battery applications are discussed in detail. This review may provide some guidance for the development and application of MXene-based electrode materials in renewable electrochemical energy storage.

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Fig. 1

Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Copyright © 2016, American Chemistry Society. d Li2Sn and S8 structures, e Ti3C2 structure from side and top views, and f adsorption energies and g ratio of vdW interaction of Li2Sn and S8 on Ti3C2T2 surfaces. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 4

Copyright © 2019, Wiley-VCH. e Fabrication of integrated a-Ti3C2-S/d-Ti3C2/PP electrodes, f synthesis of d-Ti3C2 nanosheets and the a-Ti3C2-S hybrid, g cycling stability and h rate performance comparison of different electrodes, and i cycling stability of the a-Ti3C2-S/d-Ti3C2/PP electrode at different rates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright © 2018, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 5

Copyright © 2019, WileyVCH. d Synthesis of crumpled N-Ti3C2Tx/S composites, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of e, f crumpled N-Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and g, h crumpled N-Ti3C2Tx/S composites, i rate performance of crumpled N-Ti3C2Tx/S electrodes and mixed-Ti3C2Tx/S electrodes, and j long-term cycling stability of crumpled N-Ti3C2Tx/S electrodes and mixed-Ti3C2Tx electrodes. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102]. Copyright © 2018, Wiley-VCH

Fig. 6

Copyright © 2019, Elsevier. c Scheme of the preparation of a free-standing S@V2C-Li/C electrode, and d long-term cycling performance and e rate performance of S@V2C-Li/C, S@V2C/C, and S/C electrodes. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright © 2020, American Chemistry Society. f Preparation of an MX/G aerogel electrode and assembled LSB, g SEM and h transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the MX/G-30 aerogel, i rate capability of different electrodes, and j long-term cycling performance of the MX/G-30 electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright © 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 7

Copyright © 2018, Wiley-VCH. d LiPS trapping and conversion process on a TiO2-Ti3C2Tx heterostructure, and e long-term cycling performance of Ti3C2Tx(0 h)-GN, Ti3C2Tx(4 h)-GN, Ti3C2Tx(8 h)-GN, and GN interlayers. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [136]. Copyright © 2019, Wiley-VCH. f Preparation of a VO2(p)-V2C composite, g adsorption performance test on V2C and the composite, h cycling behavior at 0.2 C of VO2(p)-V2C/S and V2C/S cathodes for 100 cycles, and i areal capacity curve of the composite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [137]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 8

Copyright © 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. e Preparation of FLPT, f formation of nanomeshes in Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, g SEM image of FLPT, and h SEM image of FLPT-S. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [148]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society. i Illustration of the preparation of TCD-TCS and TCD-TCS/S, and j schematic diagram of the evolution of active materials during the discharge process for a TC-100/S cathode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [150]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 9

Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 10

Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society. e SEM image of V-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx, f cycling performance of the V-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx electrode, g round-trip efficiency of different electrodes, and h mechanism diagram of V-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx during discharge and charge. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [203]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society

Fig. 11

Copyright © 2019, American Chemistry Society. e Scheme of the fabrication of TiO2C@CNx nanosheets as trifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), OER, and ORR, and f polarization and power density for a ZAB equipped with the TiO2C@CNx,950 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [221]. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier. g SEM image of Ti3C2Tx-CoBDC hybrid nanosheets, h OER polarization curves and i corresponding Tafel plots of different electrodes, and j charge–discharge cycles of ZABs at a rate of 0.8 mA·cm−2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [225]. Copyright © 2017, American Chemistry Society

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Acknowledgements

The support of the Supercomputing Center of Dalian University of Technology for this work is gratefully acknowledged. The support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21902021, 21908017, 51972293, and 51772039), the Joint Research Fund Liaoning-Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (20180510020), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT20RC(4)020 and DUT20RC(4)018) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Anmin Liu and Xingyou Liang have contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China

    Anmin Liu, Xingyou Liang & Weixin Guan

  2. School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China

    Xuefeng Ren

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China

    Tingli Ma

  4. Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan

    Tingli Ma

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  1. Anmin Liu
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Liu, A., Liang, X., Ren, X. et al. Recent Progress in MXene-Based Materials for Metal-Sulfur and Metal-Air Batteries: Potential High-Performance Electrodes. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 5, 112–144 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-021-00110-w

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