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Contact metamorphism associated to the Penamacor–Monsanto granitic intrusion (Central Portugal): geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical features

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Abstract

Contact metamorphism related to Variscan and late-Variscan granitic plutons in the Iberian Peninsula is superimposed on medium-grade regional metamorphism, making it often difficult to evaluate per se the thermal effects due to those intrusions and explaining the paucity of scientific literature on the subject. An exhaustive set of geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical data on the contact-zone metasediments hosting the Penamacor–Monsanto granite (Central Iberian Zone, Portugal) provides a significant contribution to the characterization of low- to intermediate-grade contact metamorphism in geological contexts formerly affected by regional metamorphism. The metasediments hosting the Penamacor–Monsanto pluton belong to the extensive detrital sequence of the ante-Ordovician Schist-Greywacke Complex. Bulk geochemistry, oxygen isotope data and crystal-chemistry of key minerals from those contact-zone and neighbouring metasediments have made it possible to infer metamorphic conditions on the contact zone of this granitic intrusion, and to distinguish them from late boron-metasomatism at the exocontact. Mineral parageneses (muscovite + biotite + chlorite ± quartz ± plagioclase ± cordierite, in spotted-schists; biotite + chlorite ± quartz ± plagioclase (± cordierite), in hornfelses) and the composition of these coexisting mineral phases indicate that most of the contact rocks reached the biotite zone (or even the cordierite zone, in some cases), equivalent to upper greenschist – lower amphibolite metamorphic grade. The relatively narrow range of O-isotope temperatures estimated for the crystallization of the marginal granites (550–625 °C) explains the absence of significant effects of thermal flow anisotropy on the contact-zone rocks. Besides, textural, paragenetic, mineralogical, isotopic and geochemical nuances observed in hornfelses and spotted-schists seem mainly related to the local host-rock heterogeneities, rather than to thermal effects. The relatively low temperatures estimated for granitoid emplacement and their restricted isotopic and mineralogical impacts on the metasedimentary host-rocks account for the narrow metamorphic aureole associated with the Penamacor–Monsanto pluton, and suggest this massif may correspond to the outcropping tip of a larger granitic intrusion at depth.

Resumen

Las intrusions graníticas Varíscicas y tardivaríscicas de la Península Ibérica dieron lugar a un metamorfismo de contacto que afecta a un encajante previamente sometido a un metamorfismo regional de grado medio, lo que dificulta separar los efectos térmicos de aquellos regionales, y explica la escasez de estudios sobre el mismo. El estudio detallado de la zona de contacto entre el Granito de Penamacor-Monsanto (Zona Centro-Ibérica; Portugal) y su encajante metasedimentario mediante técnicas geoquímicas, mineralógicas e isotópicas supone una notable contribución al conocimiento y caracterización del metamorfismo de contacto de grados bajos a intermedios en contextos geológicos previamente afectados por metamorfismo regional. El encajante metasedimentario del Plutón de Penamacor-Monsanto es parte de la amplia secuencia detrítica ante-Ordovícia conocida como Complejo Esquisto-Grawackico. Datos geoquímicos de roca total y cristaloquímicos de los minerales más característicos, y relaciones isotópicas de oxígeno en la zona de contacto y metasedimentos aledaños permiten inferir las condiciones metamórficas en la zona de contacto de dicha intrusión, y diferenciarla de aquella afectada por metasomatismo tardío por B. La paragénesis mineral (muscovita + biotita + clorita ± cuarzo ± plagioclasa ± cordierita en los esquistos moteados; biotita + clorita ± cuarzo ± plagiclasa (± cordierita) en corneanas) y la composición de las fases minerales coexistentes indican que la mayoría de rocas del contacto alcanzaron la zona de la biotita (e incluso, en algunos casos, aquella de la cordierita), equivalente a la parte alta del grado metamórfico de los esquistos verdes, o a la parte baja de las anfibolitas. El rango relativamente pequeño de temperaturas de cristalización de los granitos marginales (550-625°C), calculado mediante isótopos de oxígeno, explica la carencia de anisotropías térmicas significativas en las rocas del contacto. Las sutiles diferencias texturales, paragenéticas, mineralógicas, isotópicas y geoquímicas en esquistos moteados y corneanas parecen relacionadas con heterogeneidades locales de los encajantes, y no con efectos térmicos diferenciados. Las temperaturas relativamente bajas estimadas durante la intrusión del granito de Penamacor-Monsanto, y el limitado efecto mineralógico e isotópico sobre el encajante metasedimentario, dan lugar a una aureola de contacto estrecha, y sugieren que este macizo puede corresponder al techo de una intrusión mayor en profundidad.

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Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to Mr. Alberto Verde (GeoFCUL) who prepared the polished thin-sections used in this study. Dr. Narciso Ferreira (LNEG, S. Mamede de Infesta) generously provided very useful field information concerning contact-zone outcrops around the P–M pluton. Mr Felix García García (Univ. Salamanca) helped with stable isotope determinations.

Funding

Funding was provided by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, through project METMOB (PTDC/CTE-GIX/116204/2009)—“Elementar and isotopic mobility and diffusion in metamorphic minerals from granite contact aureoles”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6-4º Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Isabel Ribeiro da Costa, Cyntia Mourão & Fernando J. A. S. Barriga

  2. ICT Research Centre/Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Isabel Margarida H. R. Antunes

  3. IDL-Instituto D. Luiz (Laboratório Associado), Lisbon, Portugal

    Cyntia Mourão, João Farinha Ramos & Fernando J. A. S. Barriga

  4. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Clemente Recio

  5. Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal

    Fernanda Guimarães

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Ribeiro da Costa, I., Antunes, I.M.H.R., Mourão, C. et al. Contact metamorphism associated to the Penamacor–Monsanto granitic intrusion (Central Portugal): geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical features. J Iber Geol 44, 335–353 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0050-x

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