Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and performance study of a dielectric-filled cavity beam current monitor for HUST-PTF

  • Published:
Nuclear Science and Techniques Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To guarantee the exact proton dose applied to patients and ensure treatment safety while disrupting and destroying tumor cells, it is essential to accurately monitor the proton beam current in real time during patient treatment. Because clinical treatment requires a proton beam current in the \(\sim\) nA range, nondestructive beam current monitors (BCMs) are preferred to minimize the degradation of beam quality. However, this poses significant challenges in accurately monitoring such extremely low beam intensities. This study proposes a cavity-type BCM equipped with a dielectric plate to reduce its dimensions and achieve sufficient measurement sensitivity for practical requirements. A prototype cavity BCM was fabricated, and off-line testing was performed using a metal wire to simulate the beam to study its performance. Both the simulation and experimental results showed that the cavity BCM could measure ultralow proton beam currents with a resolution up to 0.03 nA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00186.00146 and https://cstr.cn/31253.11.sciencedb.j00186.00146.

References

  1. K. Ohnishi, N. Nakamura, H. Harada et al., Proton beam therapy for histologically or clinically diagnosed Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): the first nationwide retrospective study in Japan. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 106(1), 82–89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.09.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Z.Y. Mei, K.J. Fan, Z.K. Liang et al., Optimization of a B4C/graphite composite energy degrader and its shielding for a proton therapy facility. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 995, 165127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S.S. Cao, Y.B. Leng, R.X. Yuan et al., Methods study on high-resolution bunch charge measurement based on cavity monitor. Nucl. Tech. 44, 040101 (2021). https://doi.org/10.11889/j.0253-3219.2021.hjs.44.040101. (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Belohrad, Beam charge measurements, in Proceedings of DIPAC2011 (Hamburg, Germany, 2011), pp. 564–568

  5. R.T. Pusch, F. Frommberger, W.C.A. Hillert et al., Measuring the intensity and position of a pA electron beam with resonant cavities. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams. 15, 112801 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.15.112801

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.S. Cao, R.X. Yuan, J. Chen et al., Dual-cavity beam arrival time monitor design for the Shanghai soft X-ray FEL facility. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 30, 72 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0593-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Chen, S. Cao, Y. Leng et al., Study of the optimal amplitude extraction algorithm for cavity BPM. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 1012, 165627 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Nenzi, A. Ampollini, G. Bazzano et al., Development of a passive cavity beam intensity monitor for pulsed proton beams for medical applications, in Proceedings of IBIC’19 (Malmö, Sweden, 2019), pp. 41–44. https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IBIC2019-MOCO022

  9. S. Srinivasan, P.A. Duperrex, J.M. Schippers, Beamline characterization of a dielectric-filled reentrant cavity resonator as beam current monitor for a medical cyclotron facility. Phys. Med. 78, 101–108 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.S. Cao, Y.B. Leng, R.X. Yuan et al., Optimization of beam arrival and flight time measurement system based on cavity monitors at the SXFEL. IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. 68, 2–8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2020.3034337

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Shin, M. Wendt, Design studies for a high resolution cold cavity beam position monitor. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 57, 2159–2166 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2010.2049503

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Walston, S. Boogert, C. Chung et al., Performance of a high resolution cavity beam position monitor system. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 578, 1–22 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.162

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.D. Forno, P. Craievich, R. Baruzzo et al., A novel electromagnetic design and a new manufacturing process for the cavity BPM (Beam Position Monitor). Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 662, 1–22 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.040

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Lorenz, Cavity beam position monitors. AIP Conf. Proc. 451, 53 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.57039

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.H. Whittum, Y. Kolomensky, Analysis of an asymmetric resonant cavity as a beam monitor. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 2300–2313 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1149756

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Srinivasan, P.A. Duperrex, Dielectric-filled reentrant cavity resonator as a low-intensity proton beam diagnostic. Instruments 2, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments2040024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Srinivasan, P.A. Duperrex, Reentrant cavity resonator for low intensity proton beam measurement, in Proceedings of IPAC2018 (Vancouver, Canada, 2018), pp. 2341–2344. https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEPAL069

  18. M. Giordano, F. Momo, A. Sotgiu et al., On the design of a reentrant square cavity as resonator for low-frequency ESR spectroscopy. J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum. 16, 774–779 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/16/8/017

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Macor Machinable Glass Ceramic Properties. http://accuratus.com/macormats.html

  20. CST STUDIO SUITE. https://www.cst.com

  21. J. Chen, Y.B. Leng, L.Y. Yu et al., Beam test results of high Q CBPM prototype for SXFEL. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 28, 51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-017-0195-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. P. A. Mcintosh, Perturbation measurements on RF cavities at daresbury, in Proceedings of EPAC1994 (Daresbury Laboratory, London, 1994), pp. 1283

  23. Q. Wang, Q. Luo, B. Sun, Design and performance study of an improved cavity bunch length monitor based on an optimized offline test scheme. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 968, 163975 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.163975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. S.J. Russell, J.D. Gilpatrick, J.F. Power et al., Characterization of beam position monitors for measurement of second moment, in Proceedings of the 1995 Particle Accelerator Conference (Texas, USA, 1995), pp. 2580–2582. https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1995.505624

  25. F.F. Wu, Z.R. Zhou, B.G. Sun et al., Design and Calculation of the stripline beam position monitor for HLS II storage ring, in Proceedings of IPAC’13 (Shanghai, China, 2013)

  26. W. Chen, J. Yang, B. Qin et al., Transmission calculation and intensity suppression for a proton therapy system. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 881, 82–87 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.047

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Ursic, R. Flood, C. Piller, 1 nA beam position monitoring system, in Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference (Vancouver, Canada, 1997), pp. 2131–2133

  28. Principles of lock-in detection and the state of the art. https://www.zhinst.cn/china/en/resources/principles-of-lock-in-detection

Download references

Author contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analyses were performed by Ji-Qing Li. The mechanical design and experiments were performed by Ji-Qing Li and Jian Wang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ji-Qing Li, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Ji-Qing Li, Kuan-Jun Fan, Zheng-Zheng Liu, Jian Wang & Qu-Shan Chen

  2. The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan

    Jin-Feng Yang

Authors
  1. Ji-Qing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kuan-Jun Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zheng-Zheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qu-Shan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jin-Feng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuan-Jun Fan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12235005) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0105309).

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, JQ., Fan, KJ., Liu, ZZ. et al. Design and performance study of a dielectric-filled cavity beam current monitor for HUST-PTF. NUCL SCI TECH 34, 129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01278-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01278-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation