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Pt(IV) Complexes in the Search for Novel Platinum Prodrugs with Promising Activity

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Abstract

The kinetically inert, six coordinated, octahedral Pt(IV) complexes are termed dual-, triple-, or multi-action prodrugs based on the nature of the axially substituted ligands. These ligands are either inert or biologically active, where the nature of these axial ligands provides additional stability, synergistic biological activity or cell-targeting ability. There are many literature reports from each of these classes, mentioning the varied nature of these axial ligands. The ligands comprise drug molecules such as chlorambucil, doxorubicin, valproic acid, ethacrynic acid, biologically active chalcone, coumarin, combretastatin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and many more, potentiating the anti-proliferative profile or reducing the side effects associated with cisplatin therapy. The targeting and non-targeting nature of these moieties exert additive or synergistic effects on the anti-cancer activity of Pt(II) moieties. Herein, we discuss the effects of these axially oriented ligands and the changes in the non-leaving am(m)ine groups and in the leaving groups on the biological activity. In this review, we have presented the latest developments in the field of Pt(IV) complexes that display promising activity with a reduced resistance profile. We have discussed the structure activity relationship (SAR) and the effects of the ligands on the biological activity of Pt(IV) complexes with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin and the Pt core other than approved drugs. This literature work will help researchers to get an idea about Pt(IV) complexes that have been classified based on the aspects of their biological activity.

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Data availability

The data utilized in current review work will be made available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are immensely thankful for the infrastructure facilities provided by the College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences at Henan University and the Chemistry Department, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore during the literature work. Dr. Sainath Aher is also thankful to the management of K. K. Wagh College of Pharmacy for their infrastructural support. Dr. Laxmikant Borse is grateful to the management of Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for providing essential requirements and outstanding support during the manuscript preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. K. K. Wagh College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422003, India

    Sainath Aher

  2. Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China

    Sainath Aher, Jinhua Zhu & Xiuhua Liu

  3. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India

    Pundlik Bhagat

  4. Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422213, India

    Laxmikant Borse

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Aher, S., Zhu, J., Bhagat, P. et al. Pt(IV) Complexes in the Search for Novel Platinum Prodrugs with Promising Activity. Top Curr Chem (Z) 382, 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-023-00448-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-023-00448-3

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