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Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CORMs)

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Abstract

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are promising candidates for producing carbon monoxide in the mammalian body for therapeutic purposes. At higher concentrations, CO has a harmful effect on the mammalian organism. However, lower doses at a controlled rate can provide cellular signaling for mandatory pharmacokinetic and pathological activities. To date, exploring the therapeutic implications of CO dose as a prodrug has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic significance. There are two different methods of CO insertion, i.e., indirect and direct exogenous insertion. Indirect exogenous insertion of CO suggests an advantage of reduced toxicity over direct exogenous insertion. For indirect exogenous insertion, researchers are facing the issue of tissue selectivity. To solve this issue, developers have considered the newly produced CORMs. Herein, metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) are covalently linked with CO molecules to produce different CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, and CORM-3, etc. All these CORMs required exogenous CO insertion to achieve the therapeutic targets at the optimized rate under peculiar conditions or/and triggering. Meanwhile, the metal residue was generated from i-CORMs, which can propagate toxicity. Herein, we explain CO administration, water-soluble CORMs, tissue accumulation, and cytotoxicity of depleted CORMs and the kinetic profile of CO release.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the assistance from Professor Ruixia Liu of Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Funding

This work was supported by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21371112 and 21446014), the 111 Project (B14041), the Fundamental Funds Research for the Central Universities (nos. GK201501005, GK201503029, and 2016CSY002), the Grant from the Fundamental Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20120202120005), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_14R33).

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  1. Huma Khan, Muhammad Faizan, and Salamat Ullah Khan Niazi contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China

    Huma Khan, Muhammad Faizan & Weiqiang Zhang

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Muhammad Faizan

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Muhammad Faizan

  4. School of Electronic Science and Information Technology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Salamat Ullah Khan Niazi

  5. School of Chemistry, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Madiha

  6. School of Biochemistry, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Niaz Muhammad

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  1. Huma Khan
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Khan, H., Faizan, M., Niazi, S.U.K. et al. Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CORMs). Top Curr Chem (Z) 381, 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-022-00413-6

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