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Sustainable Solvent-Free Diels–Alder Approaches in the Development of Constructive Heterocycles and Functionalized Materials: A Review

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Abstract

The Diels–Alder reaction (DAR) is found in myriad applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry for drug development, as it is the method of choice for the expedient synthesis of complex natural compounds and innovative materials including nanomaterials, graphene expanses, and polymeric nanofibers. Furthermore, the greatest focus of attention of DARs is on the consistent reaction procedure with stimulus yields by highly stereo- and regioselective mechanistic pathways. Therefore, the present review is intended to summarize conventional solvent-free (SF) DARs for the expedient synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and materials. In particular, this review deals with the DARs of mechanochemical grinding, catalysis (including stereoselective catalysts), thermal, and electromagnetic radiation (such as microwave [MW], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV] irradiation) in SF procedures. Therefore, this comprehensive review validates the application of DARs to pharmaceutical innovations and biorenewable materials through consistent synthetic approaches.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Grants Council of the President of the Russian Federation (# NSh-1223.2022.1.3) and Russian Scientific Foundation (Grant # 21-13-00304).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation

    Aluru Rammohan, Alexey P. Krinochkin, Albert F. Khasanov, Dmitry S. Kopchuk & Grigory V. Zyryanov

  2. I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation

    Alexey P. Krinochkin, Albert F. Khasanov, Dmitry S. Kopchuk & Grigory V. Zyryanov

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Contributions

The authors AR and APK conceived the study and collected the literature associated with the review. AR, APK, and AFK performed the manuscript writing and analysis of the data. DSK and GVZ supported with their attentive discussions and advice to fulfill this study. The final version of the manuscript was submitted after it had been read and approved by all authors.

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Correspondence to Aluru Rammohan or Grigory V. Zyryanov.

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Rammohan, A., Krinochkin, A.P., Khasanov, A.F. et al. Sustainable Solvent-Free Diels–Alder Approaches in the Development of Constructive Heterocycles and Functionalized Materials: A Review. Top Curr Chem (Z) 380, 43 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-022-00398-2

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