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Release dynamics of Venturia inaequalis ascospores in Uruguay

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Abstract

Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis is the most destructive apple disease worldwide. To manage apple scab in Uruguay, protectant fungicides are applied in anticipation of each rain event during ascospore discharge period. To optimize fungicide application, we studied the beginning and the end of ascospore discharge period and its behavior during nighttime and successive rain days, in natural and artificial conditions. Results showed that V. inaequalis ascospore discharge occurs in a period of 2 months, starting in the green tip stage and ending in early November, around 40 days before the usual warning system communication. Mature ascospores are released immediately after a rain event begins, regardless whether it is day- or nighttime. During consecutive days or nights of rain, successive discharges occur during 3 and eventually 4 days, with the greatest discharge occurring in the first 2 days. This finding suggests that the fungicide applications could be suspended earlier than usual and that strategic irrigations previously to forecast could be implemented to manage apple scab. However, field trials should be conducted to further validate this finding.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and in a supplementary information file. In addition, the file with the data is available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NdYFTaCNhPbm85vSU_eYYKig89-74SsP/view?usp=sharing

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the funding agency ANII (Fondo María Viñas — FMV 2 2011 1 7253) from Uruguay. The authors are grateful to the farmers for providing the orchards where the trials were conducted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Érica Martínez, Sandra Alaniz & Pedro Mondino

Authors
  1. Érica Martínez
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  2. Sandra Alaniz
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  3. Pedro Mondino
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Contributions

EM performed the experimental work and the analyses of data and wrote the draft of the manuscript. PM conceived and designed study; SA and PM supervised the work, analysis, and interpretation. PM and SA perform the writing and critical review of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pedro Mondino.

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Martínez, É., Alaniz, S. & Mondino, P. Release dynamics of Venturia inaequalis ascospores in Uruguay. Trop. plant pathol. 46, 414–421 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00434-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00434-4

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