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Juvenile Children’s Salivary Aldosterone and Cortisone Decrease during Informal Math and Table-Tennis Competitions

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Abstract

Objective

Among adults, aldosterone and cortisone increases are reported in response to physically taxing forms of competition, enabling individuals to rapidly adapt to variable sociocompetitive contexts. Yet, aldosterone and cortisone responses in juvenile children engaged in less strenuous forms of competition have not been investigated. Here, we sought to measure aldosterone and cortisone responses in children who participated in math and table-tennis competitions. We hypothesized that the responses would significantly vary with respect to the type of competition.

Methods

Pre- and post-match salivary aldosterone and cortisone were measured in Hong Kongese children, aged 8–11 years, during (1) a mixed-sex, team-based, math competition (N = 45) and (2) a dyadic, table-tennis competition against peers (N = 22).

Results

In the math competition, aldosterone and cortisone levels decreased in boys and girls, while members on losing teams had greater match decreases in cortisone levels compared to individuals on winning teams. In the table-tennis competition, time of day led to significant diurnal differences in competitors’ pre-match aldosterone and cortisone concentrations. As a result, each sample was analyzed independently according to match time (8:30 AM and 11:00 AM). Aldosterone levels decreased among the competitors who participated in the 11:00 AM table-tennis matches. Cortisone levels decreased for the majority of competitors, but only significantly decreased in the 8:30 AM sample.

Conclusion

These findings highlight that juvenile competitors’ hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are sensitive to less physically strenuous forms of competition. Further, the differences in the competitive environment likely stimulate the direction of aldosterone (RAAS) and cortisone (HPA) reactive change.

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Funding

This work was supported by a Wenner-Gren dissertation field work grant (#9239).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Timothy S. McHale, Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon & Graham Albert

  2. Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, USA

    Timothy S. McHale

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

    Peter B. Gray

  4. ZRT Laboratory, Beaverton, Oregon, USA

    David T. Zava

  5. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Ka-chun Chan

  6. Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong

    Wai-chi Chee

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  1. Timothy S. McHale
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McHale, T.S., Gray, P.B., Hodges-Simeon, C.R. et al. Juvenile Children’s Salivary Aldosterone and Cortisone Decrease during Informal Math and Table-Tennis Competitions. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology 6, 413–435 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-020-00146-0

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