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Decrease of FGF19 contributes to the increase of fasting glucose in human in an insulin-independent manner

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Abstract

Purpose

The ileum-derived fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) plays key roles in hepatic glucose homeostasis in animals in an insulin-independent manner. Here, we analyzed the association of FGF19 with glucose effectiveness (GE, the insulin-independent glucose regulation), as well as hepatic glucose production (HGP) in Chinese subjects.

Methods

GE was measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) in normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated-impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT), and isolated-impaired fasting glucose (I-IFG) subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test-derived surrogate of GE (oGE) was determined in NGT, I-IFG, combined glucose intolerance (CGI), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects. HGP was assessed by labeled ([3-3H]-glucose) hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in NGT subjects. Insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated by the hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in a subgroup of NGT, I-IGT, and I-IFG subjects. Serum FGF19 levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

FGF19 positively correlated with GE (r = 0.29, P = 0.004) as determined by FSIVGTT. The result was further confirmed by oGE (r = 0.261, P < 0.001). FGF19 was negatively associated with FPG (r = − 0.228, P = 0.025), but the association no longer existed after adjusting for GE (r = − 0.177, P = 0.086). FGF19 was negatively associated with basal HGP (r = − 0.697, P = 0.006). However, the correlation between FGF19 and insulin secretion and sensitivity were not found.

Conclusions

FGF19 levels are associated positively with GE and negatively with HGP. The increase of FPG in human is at least partially due to the decrease of FGF19 in an insulin-independent manner.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Junxi Lu, Wei Zhu, Yiting Shen, and Jia Wang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital) for excellent technical assistance. The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the involved clinicians, nurses, and technicians at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital for their dedication in this study. The authors would also like to thank all the colleagues in the Metabolic Disease Biobank Resource at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital for the technical support.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation major international (regional) joint research project (81220108006) to W.J., the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (15ZR1431700) and Major Program of Shanghai Municipality for Basic Research (10JC1412400) to Q.F., and Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81200292) to H.L.

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Author notes

  1. J. Zhang and H. Li have contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China

    J. Zhang, H. Li, N. Bai, Y. Xu, Q. Song, L. Zhang, G. Wu, S. Chen, X. Hou, C. Wang, L. Wei, Q. Fang & W. Jia

  2. Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    J. Zhang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China

    A. Xu

  4. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China

    A. Xu

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Contributions

JZ designed the research, conducted the experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. HL contributed to the study design and manuscript writing. NB, YX, QS, LZ, GW, SC, XH, CW, and LW performed research. AX was involved in revising the manuscript. QF designed the study, interpreted data, and revised the manuscript. WJ designed the study, revised the manuscript, and contributed to the discussion. All authors have made substantial contributions and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Q. Fang or W. Jia.

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Zhang, J., Li, H., Bai, N. et al. Decrease of FGF19 contributes to the increase of fasting glucose in human in an insulin-independent manner. J Endocrinol Invest 42, 1019–1027 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-01018-5

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