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Screening for frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

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Abstract

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of frailty, sarcopenia and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults living in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.

Methods

The study sample comprised 404 community-dwelling older adults living in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. These subjects or proxies were contacted by mobile phone or the internet. The sociodemographic characteristics, falls and chronic pain were recorded. Frailty, sarcopenia, malnutrition, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living were assessed using the FRAIL scale, SARC-F, Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form, Barthel Index and Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale, respectively.

Results

The 404 older adults comprised 62% females and 38% males with a mean age of 73.4 ± 7.4 years. The prevalence of positive frailty and sarcopenia screening were detected as 37.4% and 46.8%, respectively. The strongest associations with frailty were the presence of chronic lung disease [Odds ratio (OR) = 10.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1, 49.8] and chronic pain [OR = 6.9; 95% CI = 3.2, 15.0]. The associations with sarcopenia were falls (OR = 7.4; 95% CI = 4.2, 12.9), dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 2.2, 8.4), advancing age (OR = 2.6; 95% Cl = 1.4, 4.7), and dependence in daily living activities (OR = 2.2; 95% Cl = 1.3, 4.0). Female gender and falls were found to be co-related factors for frailty and sarcopenia.

Conclusions

Female gender and falls were independently associated with frailty and sarcopenia. In addition, chronic lung disease and chronic pain were major risk factors for frailty, while advancing age and dependence in daily living activities were major risk factors for sarcopenia. These factors should be considered to be able to identify individuals at high risk of frailty and sarcopenia and to prevent these geriatric syndromes.

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Funding

This study did not receive financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Giresun University, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun, Turkey

    Ulku Kezban Sahin & Habibe Durdu

  2. Department of Health Care Services, Giresun University, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun, Turkey

    Elif Yeliz Tozluoglu & Nazmiye Tugba Bahar

  3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

    Nurhayat Korkmaz

  4. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Giresun University, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun, Turkey

    Efsane Yavuz

Authors
  1. Ulku Kezban Sahin
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  2. Elif Yeliz Tozluoglu
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  3. Habibe Durdu
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  4. Nurhayat Korkmaz
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  5. Nazmiye Tugba Bahar
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Contributions

UKS: conceptualization, methodology, data collection, writing, investigation. EYT: data collection, methodology, writing, investigation. HD: data collection, writing, statistical analysis. NK: data collection, writing. NTB: writing. EY: statistical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulku Kezban Sahin.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study design and all procedures in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Ethics Committee of Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital—2021/49), as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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All individual participants in the research gave their informed consent.

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Sahin, U.K., Tozluoglu, E.Y., Durdu, H. et al. Screening for frailty and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Aging Clin Exp Res 34, 2047–2056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02164-2

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