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Age-related effects of three inhalational anesthetics at one minimum alveolar concentration on electroencephalogram waveform

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Abstract

Background

The characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles under general anesthesia may depend on age and type of anesthetic.

Aim

This study investigated age-related differences in EEG waveforms between three inhalational anesthetics used at the same minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which indicates the level of analgesia.

Methods

Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II were divided into three groups according to age: pediatric (≦ 15 years); adult (16–64 years); and elderly (≧ 65 years). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the inhalational anesthetic used: sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. Anesthesia was maintained at 1 MAC, followed by assessment of 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF95) values and amplitude of EEG waveform.

Results

The 3 age groups comprised a total of 180 patients. The mean (± SD) EEG waveform amplitude and SEF95 values for sevoflurane in the pediatric, adult, and elderly age groups, respectively, were: 32.9 ± 2.9 µV and 16.7 ± 2.4 Hz; 16.4 ± 3.6 µV and 12.2 ± 1.3 Hz; and 11.0 ± 2.1 µV and 13.6 ± 1.6 Hz. EEG waveform amplitude and SEF95 values were significantly higher in the pediatric group than in the other groups. SEF95 value was higher in the elderly group than in the adult group. Similar results were obtained for isoflurane and desflurane.

Conclusion

The amplitude of the EEG waveform and SEF95 values varied with age, even at the same analgesic state in patients under general anesthesia. This age-dependent change in EEG waveform was observed for all three inhalational anesthetics, and should be considered in procedures requiring general anesthesia.

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Funding

No sources of funding were used to support this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Masanori Tsukamoto & Hitoshi Yamanaka

  2. Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shiori Taura

  3. Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Takashi Hitosugi, Yoshifumi Kawakubo & Takeshi Yokoyama

Authors
  1. Masanori Tsukamoto
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  2. Shiori Taura
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  3. Hitoshi Yamanaka
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  4. Takashi Hitosugi
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  5. Yoshifumi Kawakubo
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  6. Takeshi Yokoyama
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Contributions

MT: designed the study, developed materials and methods, performed and analyzed measurements. Wrote draft of manuscript. ST: developed materials and methods. HY: developed materials and methods. Wrote draft of manuscript. TH: analysis of measurements and implemented them in Excel. YK: reviewed and corrected draft of manuscript. TY: conceived and designed the study. Reviewed and corrected draft of manuscript. All authors reviewed and accepted the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masanori Tsukamoto.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (Ethics Committee of Kyushu University Hospital ref. 28–146) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.

Informed consent

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyushu University Hospital (28-146). Participants received oral and written information during the preoperative assessment before signing consent.

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Tsukamoto, M., Taura, S., Yamanaka, H. et al. Age-related effects of three inhalational anesthetics at one minimum alveolar concentration on electroencephalogram waveform. Aging Clin Exp Res 32, 1857–1864 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01378-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01378-1

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