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Autophagy and its role in pulmonary hypertension

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Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a very common kind of pulmonary vascular disease, which can cause a heavier burden on patient’s quality of life, even lead to death. Yet, the mechanism of PH is incomprehensive and not so clear nowadays. In recent years, more and more studies show that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the development of PH. Some modalities target on the formation or maturation of autophagosome that has emerged from our increasing knowledge of autophagy machinery, which may prevent or eliminate the process of PH. The deciphering of molecular selectivity of autophagy has also been a source of novel modulators that act specifically on selective forms of autophagy. Tremendous recent progress has opened a new possibility for modulating autophagy in complex diseases. Thus, autophagy may become a prospective choice for treatment of PH. Herein, we reviewed the literatures and discussed the role of autophagy in the development and treatment of PH.

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase

BMPR-II:

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II

CaMKK-β:

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β

CFZ:

Carfilzomib

CMA:

Chaperone-mediated autophagy

CTEPH:

Chronic thromboembolic PH

DAPK:

Death-associated protein kinase

E2:

17β-estradiol

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

LC3:

Light chain 3

LV:

Left ventricular

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

PAH:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

PASMCs:

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

PH:

Pulmonary hypertension

PHC:

Pulmonary hypertension connections

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

REVEAL:

Registry to evaluate early and long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension disease management

RV:

Right ventricular

Ucp2:

Uncoupling protein 2

ULK1:

Unc-51 like kinase 1, UPS:Ubiquitin–proteasome system

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  1. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899#, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China

    Yan-bin Chen

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  1. Yan-bin Chen
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Correspondence to Yan-bin Chen.

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Chen, Yb. Autophagy and its role in pulmonary hypertension. Aging Clin Exp Res 31, 1027–1033 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1063-1

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