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Enteropathogen-Induced Microbiota Biofilm Disruptions and Post-Infectious Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders

  • Protozoa (R Mejia, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Recent observations indicate that acute enteric infections may contribute to various intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders long after elimination of the inciting microorganism. The mechanisms remain unclear. This review discusses how alterations to the gut microbiota by enteropathogens during the acute stage of an infection may at least in part contribute to these presentations. After providing a critical discussion of the biology of the human intestinal microbiota, the review presents recent data that illustrate how enteropathogens may activate latent virulence genes in commensal bacteria, disrupt the microbiota biofilm phenotype, and promote the release of pathobionts from the commensal biofilm. Evidence suggests that, in turn, these planktonic pathobionts may spontaneously translocate across the mucus and the gut epithelium to trigger, at least in part, the pro-inflammatory events that lead to these long-term, post-infectious sequelae.

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Acknowledgments

Critical proofreading by Drs. Jean-Paul Motta and James Cotton is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network and Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Andre G. Buret

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Correspondence to Andre G. Buret.

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Conflict of Interest

Some of the findings discussed in this article have been generated through the financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Crohn’s and Colitis Canada, Alberta Innovates Health Solution, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Baltimore, MD, facilitated this article by providing financial support.

Andre G. Buret declares no other conflict of interest.

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Buret, A.G. Enteropathogen-Induced Microbiota Biofilm Disruptions and Post-Infectious Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders. Curr Trop Med Rep 3, 94–101 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-016-0079-x

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