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Validity of the Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)

  • Systematic Review
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Abstract

Background

The immediate post concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) is the most widely used concussion assessment tool. Despite its popularity, it is unclear if validation studies for the ImPACT test covered all aspects of validity to support its widespread use in research and clinical practice.

Objective

The purpose of this report is to review literature surrounding the validity and the utility of the ImPACT test.

Data sources and appraisal

A systematic review of relevant studies in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was carried out. Studies were evaluated using the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) or the STARD (standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy) criteria.

Results

The literature search yielded 5968 studies. Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative review. Although the convergent validity of ImPACT was supported, evidence of discriminant and predictive validity, diagnostic accuracy and responsiveness was inconclusive. The utility of the ImPACT test after acute symptom resolution was sparse. The review found many factors influenced the validity and utility of ImPACT scores.

Conclusion

Clinicians must consider the benefit of ImPACT testing for their patients on a case-by-case scenario and must take the psychometric properties of the test into account when interpreting results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, 2157 William S. White Building, 303 E. Kearsley Street, Flint, MI, 48502-1950, USA

    Bara Alsalaheen, Kayla Stockdale & Dana Pechumer

  2. Neurotrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Steven P. Broglio

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  1. Bara Alsalaheen
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  2. Kayla Stockdale
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Correspondence to Bara Alsalaheen.

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Bara Alsalaheen, Kayla Stockdale, Dana Pechumer, and Steven Broglio declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

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Alsalaheen, B., Stockdale, K., Pechumer, D. et al. Validity of the Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Sports Med 46, 1487–1501 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0532-y

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