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Metabolic syndrome and underlying genetic determinants-A systematic review

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Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of heritable and related traits which has been associated with a range of pathophysiological factors including dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hypertension. The documented genetic basis of the metabolic syndrome include several chromosomal positions, numerous candidate gene-associated polymorphisms, different genetic variants, which are linked to the syndrome either as a trait or entities mainly linked to metabolic process. Additionally, the latest findings related to the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs, sporadic variants, non-coding RNAs, and assessing the role of genes in molecular systems has enhanced our understanding of the syndrome. Considerable work has been done to understand the underlying disease mechanisms by elucidating its genetic etiology. Nonetheless, a common shared genetic cause has not been established to clarify the coexistence of their components and further investigation is required. While mostly neglected and rarely known, hereditary predisposition needs to be studied, including with the current defective phenotypic condition descriptions. Metabolic syndrome is a multi-faceted characteristic with abundant properties and the condition can arise from interactions between environmental variables such as physical inactivity, caloric obesity and genetic susceptibility. Although there is support for genetic determinants from family and twin research, there is still no recognised genomic DNA marker for genetic association and linkages with quite a long way off potential for clinical application. In the present review efforts have been made to through light on the various genetic determinants with large effects that underlie with the association of these traits to this syndrome. The heterogeneity and multifactorial heritability of MetS, however, has been a challenge towards understanding the factors underlying the association of these traits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all the persons who helped in this review. Without their help this review would not have been possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Genomics Research Group, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU), Katra, J and K, India

    Sanjeev Rana

  2. Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J and K, India

    Shafat Ali

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Government Degree College Sumbal, Bandipora, J and K, India

    Hilal Ahmad Wani

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Sri Pratap College, Srinagar, J and K, India

    Qazi Danish Mushtaq

  5. Human Genomics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU), Katra, J and K, India

    Swarkar Sharma

  6. College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Muneeb U Rehman

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  1. Sanjeev Rana
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Contributions

SR developed the concept and designed the methodology for the systematic search. HAW did systematic search and prepared the initial draft. SA added to the initial draft. All authors participated in revising of the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Hilal Ahmad Wani or Muneeb U Rehman.

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Rana, S., Ali, S., Wani, H.A. et al. Metabolic syndrome and underlying genetic determinants-A systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 1095–1104 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01009-z

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