Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Adolescent Bariatric Surgery: Quality, Outcomes, and Debates

  • Bariatric Surgery (A. Ghaferi, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Surgery Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To provide an updated evaluation of the literature regarding safety and outcomes in pediatric bariatric surgery and to explore associated controversies related to surgical timing and age concerns, as well as other ethical issues.

Recent Findings

Nonsurgical management of pediatric patients with obesity becomes less effective with increasing age and severity of disease. For carefully selected adolescent patients, bariatric surgery has been shown to provide sustained weight loss, reduction in comorbidities, and improved quality of life; however, high-level evidence is limited. Current data support surgical intervention in obese adolescents prior to adulthood, as several comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors appear to be increasingly responsive to weight loss at a younger age. There is inadequate information available in pediatric patients to support one type of surgical intervention over another, or weight loss surgery in preadolescent patients.

Summary

Large trials have begun to more clearly delineate the risks and benefits of adolescent bariatric surgery. As the use of this important intervention increases, it is important that standards of care are agreed upon and that continuing study helps define appropriate patient selection and method of intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Recently published papers of significance have been annotated as follows: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Nishtar S, Gluckman P, Armstrong T. Ending childhood obesity: a time for action. Lancet. 2016;387(10021):825–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00140-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sugerman H. Bariatric surgery for severely obese adolescents. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7(1):102–8. doi:10.1016/S1091-255X(02)00125-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. August GP, Caprio S, Fennoy I, et al. Prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline based on expert opinion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(12):4576–99. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2458.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Barlow SE. Expert committee. Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007;120(Suppl 4):S164–92. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2329C.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. • Kelly AS, Barlow SE, Rao G, et al. Severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013; 128(15):1689–1712. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182a5cfb3. A summary of the current status of pediatric obesity in the United States from the American Heart Association.

  6. Danielsson P, Kowalski J, Ekblom Ö, Marcus C. Response of severely obese children and adolescents to behavioral treatment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(12):1103–8. doi:10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kalarchian MA, Levine MD, Arslanian SA, et al. Family-based treatment of severe pediatric obesity: randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2009;124(4):1060–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3727.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. van der Baan-Slootweg O, Benninga MA, Beelen A, et al. Inpatient treatment of children and adolescents with severe obesity in the Netherlands: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(9):807–14. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.521.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Gehrman CA, et al. Meal replacements in the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity. 2011;19(6):1193–9. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sherafat-Kazemzadeh R, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Pharmacotherapy for childhood obesity: present and future prospects. Int J Obes. 2013;37(1):1–15. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kelly AS, Fox CK, Rudser KD, Gross AC, Ryder JR. Pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy: current state of the field, review of the literature and clinical trial considerations. Int J Obes. 2016;40(7):1043–50. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Weiner JP, Goodwin SM, Chang H-Y, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on health care costs of obese persons: a 6-year follow-up of surgical and comparison cohorts using health plan data. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(6):555–62. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.1504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kelleher DC, Merrill CT, Cottrell LT, Nadler EP, Burd RS. Recent national trends in the use of adolescent inpatient bariatric surgery: 2000 through 2009. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(2):126–32. doi:10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nguyen NT, Nguyen B, Gebhart A, Hohmann S. Changes in the makeup of bariatric surgery: a national increase in use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;216(2):252–7. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.10.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zwintscher NP, Azarow KS, Horton JD, Newton CR, Martin MJ. The increasing incidence of adolescent bariatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(12):2401–7. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pallati P, Buettner S, Simorov A, Meyer A, Shaligram A, Oleynikov D. Trends in adolescent bariatric surgery evaluated by UHC database collection. Surg Endosc. 2012;26(11):3077–81. doi:10.1007/s00464-012-2318-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. •• Inge TH, Zeller MH, Jenkins TM, et al. Perioperative outcomes of adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168(1):47–53. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4296. A prospective, multicenter study evaluating preoperative patient characteristics and short-term complications of adolescent bariatric surgery.

  18. Slusser W, Staten K, Stephens K, et al. Payment for obesity services: examples and recommendations for stage 3 comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention programs for children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128(Suppl 2):S78–85. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0480H.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wulkan ML, Walsh SM. The multi-disciplinary approach to adolescent bariatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(1):2–4. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Michalsky M, Reichard K, Inge T, Pratt J. ASMBS pediatric committee best practice guidelines. Surg Obes Relat dis. 2012;8(1):1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lau DCW, Douketis JD, Morrison KM, et al. 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]. CMAJ. 2007;176(8):S1–13. doi:10.1503/cmaj.061409.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG). IPEG guidelines for surgical treatment of extremely obese adolescents. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2009; 19 (Suppl 1): xiv–xvi doi: 10.1089/lap.2009.9981.supp

  23. Yermilov I, McGory ML, Shekelle PW, Ko CY, Maggard MA. Appropriateness criteria for bariatric surgery: beyond the NIH guidelines. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(8):1521–7. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Pratt JSA, Lenders CM, Dionne EA, et al. Best practice updates for pediatric/adolescent weight loss surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):901–10. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.577.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Baur LA, Fitzgerald DA. Recommendations for bariatric surgery in adolescents in Australia and New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health. 2010;46(12):704–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Jull A, Lawes CMM, Eyles H, et al. Clinical guidelines for weight management in New Zealand adults, children and young people. J Prim Health Care. 2011;3(1):66–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fitch A, Fox C, Bauerly K, Heim C, et al. Prevention and management of obesity for children and adolescents. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement; 2013. https://www.icsi.org/_asset/tn5cd5/ObesityChildhood.pdf.

  28. Ingelfinger JR. Bariatric surgery in adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(15):1365–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1109981.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Heart TN. Executive Summary of the Clinical Guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(10):1178–91. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00276-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Inge TH, Krebs NF, Garcia VF, et al. Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):217–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wulkan ML, Walsh SM. The multi-disciplinary approach to adolescent bariatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(1):2–4. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sysko R, Zandberg LJ, Devlin MJ, Annunziato RA, Zitsman JL, Walsh BT. Mental health evaluations for adolescents prior to bariatric surgery: a review of existing practices and a specific example of assessment procedures. Clin Obes. 2013;3(3–4):62–72. doi:10.1111/cob.12019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Patel AG, Murgatroyd B, Ashton WD. Single incision laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: 111 cases. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(6):747–51. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.06.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(21):1623–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012908.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Anderson B, Switzer NJ, Almamar A, Shi X, Birch DW, Karmali S. The impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on plasma ghrelin levels: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2013;23(9):1476–80. doi:10.1007/s11695-013-0999-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Pourcher G, De Filippo G, Ferretti S, Piquard C, Dagher I, Bougnères P. Short-term results of single-port sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents with severe obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11(1):65–9. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.05.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Black JA, White B, Viner RM, Simmons RK. Bariatric surgery for obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2013;14(8):634–44. doi:10.1111/obr.12037.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kelleher DC, Merrill CT, Cottrell LT, Nadler EP, Burd RS. Recent national trends in the use of adolescent inpatient bariatric surgery: 2000 through 2009. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(2):126–32. doi:10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Varela JE, Hinojosa MW, Nguyen NT. Perioperative outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents compared with adults at academic medical centers. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007;3(5):537–40. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2007.07.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. •• Inge TH, Courcoulas AP, Jenkins TM, et al. Weight loss and health status 3 years after bariatric surgery in adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(2):113–123. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1506699. A multicenter, prospective study evaluating outcomes for adolescent patients following bariatric surgery.

  41. Inge TH, Zeller MH, Jenkins TM, et al. Perioperative outcomes of adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(1):47–53. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4296.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) Consortium, Flum DR, Belle SH. Perioperative safety in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(5):445–54. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0901836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Helmiö M, Victorzon M, Ovaska J, et al. SLEEVEPASS: a randomized prospective multicenter study comparing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity: preliminary results. Surg Endosc. 2012;26(9):2521–6. doi:10.1007/s00464-012-2225-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Miyano G, Jenkins TM, Xanthakos SA, Garcia VF, Inge TH. Perioperative outcome of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a children’s hospital experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(10):2092–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.05.019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Olbers T, Gronowitz E, Werling M, et al. Two-year outcome of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity: results from a Swedish nationwide study (AMOS). Int J Obes. 2012;36(11):1388–95. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Paulus GF, de Vaan LEG, Verdam FJ, Bouvy ND, Ambergen TAW, van Heurn LWE. Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2015;25(5):860–78. doi:10.1007/s11695-015-1581-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. • Lennerz BS, Wabitsch M, Lippert H, et al. Bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults–safety and effectiveness in a cohort of 345 patients. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014;38(3):334–340. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.182. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of adolescent bariatric surgery by analyzing a prospective registry in Germany.

  48. Trends and outcomes of adolescent bariatric surgery in california, 2005–2007. Pediatrics. 2011;127(2): peds.2010–0412d–peds. 2010–0412d. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0412d.

  49. Silberhumer GR, Miller K, Pump A, et al. Long-term results after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in adolescent patients: follow-up of the Austrian experience. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(9):2993–9. doi:10.1007/s00464-011-1658-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Zitsman JL, DiGiorgi MF, Fennoy I, Kopchinski JS, Sysko R, Devlin MJ. Adolescent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB): prospective results in 137 patients followed for 3 years. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11(1):101–9. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.06.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. • Stroh C, Köckerling F, Volker L, et al. Results of more than 11,800 sleeve gastrectomies: data analysis of the German bariatric surgery registry. Ann Surg. 2016; 263(5):949–955. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001559. Evaluates technical complications following sleeve gastrectomy and identifies predictive factors.

  52. Oberbach A, Neuhaus J, Inge T, et al. Bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents improves major comorbidities including hyperuricemia. Metab, Clin Exp. 2014;63(2):242–9. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Inge TH, Miyano G, Bean J, et al. Reversal of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors after surgical weight loss in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):214–22. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Holterman A, Gurria J, Tanpure S, DiSomma N. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and bariatric surgery in adolescents. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(1):49–57. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Corey KE, Stanley TL, Misdraji J, et al. Prevalence and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults undergoing weight loss surgery. Pediatr Obes. 2014;9(5):e91–3. doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2014.219.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Park JY, Song D, Kim YJ. Clinical experience of weight loss surgery in morbidly obese Korean adolescents. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(5):1366–72. doi:10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1366.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Messiah SE, Lopez-Mitnik G, Winegar D, et al. Changes in weight and co-morbidities among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: 1-year results from the bariatric outcomes longitudinal database. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(4):503–13. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.03.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Göthberg G, Gronowitz E, Flodmark C-E, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with morbid obesity–surgical aspects and clinical outcome. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(1):11–6. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Raziel A, Sakran N, Szold A, et al. Mid-term follow-up after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese adolescents. Isr Med Assoc J. 2014;16(1):37–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Nadler EP, Barefoot LC, Qureshi FG. Early results after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents with morbid obesity. Surgery. 2012;152(2):212–7. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2012.05.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. McGuire MM, Nadler EP, Qureshi FG. Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy for adolescents with morbid obesity. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(1):21–3. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Boza C, Viscido G, Salinas J, Crovari F, Funke R, Perez G. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese adolescents: results in 51 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(2):133–7. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.11.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Al-Sabah SK, Almazeedi SM, Dashti SA, Al-Mulla AY, Ali DA, Jumaa TH. The efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in treating adolescent obesity. Obes Surg. 2015;25(1):50–4. doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1340-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Alqahtani AR, Elahmedi MO, Qahtani Al A. Co-morbidity resolution in morbidly obese children and adolescents undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10(5):842–50. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.01.020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Holterman A-X, Browne A, Dillard BE, et al. Short-term outcome in the first 10 morbidly obese adolescent patients in the FDA-approved trial for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;45(4):465–73. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e318063eef6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Zeller MH, Modi AC, Noll JG, Long JD, Inge TH. Psychosocial functioning improves following adolescent bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):985–90. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.644.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Herget S, Rudolph A, Hilbert A, Blüher S. Psychosocial status and mental health in adolescents before and after bariatric surgery: a systematic literature review. Obes Facts. 2014;7(4):233–45. doi:10.1159/000365793.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Vanguri P, Lanning D, Wickham EP, Anbazhagan A, Bean MK. Pediatric health care provider perceptions of weight loss surgery in adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013;53(1):60–5. doi:10.1177/0009922813500848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes–3-year outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(21):2002–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1401329.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Berenson GS, et al. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(20):1876–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Schauer P. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-En Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg. 2003;238:467–85.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Alqahtani AR, Antonisamy B, Alamri H, Elahmedi M, Zimmerman VA. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 108 obese children and adolescents aged 5–21 years. Ann Surg. 2012;256(2):266–73. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318251e92b.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. •Alqahtani A, Elahmedi M, Qahtani ARA. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in children younger than 14 years. Ann Surg. 2016; 263(2):312–319. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001278. One of the first studies to evaluate bariatric surgery in pre-adolescent children.

  74. Dan D, Harnanan D, Seetahal S, Naraynsingh V, Teelucksingh S. Bariatric surgery in the management of childhood obesity: should there be an age limit? Obes Surg. 2010;20(1):114–7. doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9996-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mohaidly MA, Suliman A, Malawi H. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for a two-and half year old morbidly obese child. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4(11):1057–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.07.033.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Willcox K, Warren N, O’Brien P. Patient and parent perspectives of adolescent Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB). Obes Surg. 2016;. doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2156-6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant St., Buffalo, NY, 14222, USA

    Arianne T. Train, Robert M. Dorman & Carroll M. Harmon

  2. Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Robert M. Dorman & Carroll M. Harmon

Authors
  1. Arianne T. Train
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert M. Dorman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carroll M. Harmon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arianne T. Train.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Drs. Train, Dorman, and Harmon declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bariatric Surgery.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Train, A.T., Dorman, R.M. & Harmon, C.M. Adolescent Bariatric Surgery: Quality, Outcomes, and Debates. Curr Surg Rep 5, 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40137-017-0165-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40137-017-0165-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation