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Fine Scale Microevolutionary and Demographic Processes Shaping a Wild Metapopulation Dynamics of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus

  • Ecology, Behavior and Bionomics
  • Published:
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Abstract

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedmann) is an important American pest species. Knowledge of its population dynamics is of particular interest for ecology, evolutionary biology, and management programs. In the present study, phenotypic, genotypic, and spatial data were combined, within the frame of landscape genetics, to uncover the spatial population genetic structure (SGS) and demographic processes of an Argentinian local population from the Yungas ecoregion. Eight simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci and six morphometric traits were analysed considering the hierarchical levels: tree/fruit/individual. Genetic variability estimates were high (HE = 0.72, RA = 4.39). Multivariate analyses of phenotypic data showed that in average 52.81% of variance is explained by the tree level, followed by between individuals 28.37%. Spatial analysis of morphological traits revealed a negative autocorrelation in all cases. SGS analysis and isolation by distance based on SSR showed no significant autocorrelation for molecular coancestry. The comparison between phenotypic (PST) and molecular (FST) differentiation identified positive selection in different fruits for all traits. Bayesian analysis revealed a cryptic structure within the population, with three clusters spatially separated. The results of this study showed a metapopulation dynamics. The genetic background of the components of this metapopulation is expected to change through time due to seasonality, repopulation activities, and high gene flow, with an estimated dispersal ability of at least 10 km. Effective population size (Ne) of the metapopulation was estimated in around 800 flies, and within subpopulations (clusters) Ne was associated with the levels of genetic drift experienced by the founding lineages.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. M. T. Vera for coordinating and collaborating with the field sampling, to Ms. M. J. Ruiz for the sampling collection, and to Mr. S. Szpilbarg for his help in sample processing. We are also indebted with two anonymous reviewers which contributed to improve the present manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported with funding from Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) UBACYT 20020170100270BA granted to Dr. Juan Cesar Vilardi and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCYT) PICT 2018–02567 granted to Dr. María Isabel Remis.

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  1. Genética de Poblaciones Aplicada (GPA), Depto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Damián Freilij, Laura I. Ferreyra, Juan C. Vilardi, Angeles I. Rodriguez & Paula Gómez-Cendra

  2. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Juan C. Vilardi & Paula Gómez-Cendra

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  1. Damián Freilij
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Contributions

LIF, PGC, and JCV designed experiments and collections. LIF, AIR, and PGC processed all the biological material; DF and LIF collected molecular data; and PGC collected morphometric data. AIR contributed to the molecular and morphometric data collection. DF, LIF, JCV, and PGC analysed the data. DF drafted the initial version of the manuscript. All the authors commented and edited later versions of the manuscript and approved its final version.

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Correspondence to Paula Gómez-Cendra.

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Freilij, D., Ferreyra, L.I., Vilardi, J.C. et al. Fine Scale Microevolutionary and Demographic Processes Shaping a Wild Metapopulation Dynamics of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus. Neotrop Entomol 51, 339–355 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00944-z

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