Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae), is an important pest of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Few studies have focused on the real DBM impact on broccoli yield. We performed greenhouse studies to assess the effect of DBM densities and infestation timing (at pre-heading, heading, or during the entire cycle) on broccoli head weight. Polynomial trend analysis revealed a downward linear response of head weight to DBM densities, indicating that broccoli is susceptible to DBM attack. As for the infestation timing, infestations during the pre-heading stage significantly impacted head weight, whereas the same did not occur for infestations during the heading stage. DBM density did not affect plant height or total leaves but was upward-related to plant defoliation, and head weight correlated negatively with plant defoliation. These findings indicate that pre-heading is the determining stage for head weight loss of plants under DBM attack. In order to prevent quantitative losses, efforts for DBM management should be focused on this particular stage.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayalew G (2006) Comparison of yield loss on cabbage from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) using two insecticides. Crop Prot 25:915–919
Belsky AJ, Carson WP, Jensen CL, Fox GA (1993) Overcompensation by plants: herbivore optimization or red herring? Evol Ecol 7:109–121
Buntin GD (2001) Techniques for evaluating yield loss from insects. In: Peterson RKD, Higley LG (eds) Biotic stress and yield loss. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 23–41
Caldwell MM, Richards JH, Johnson DA, Nowak RS, Dzurec RS (1981) Coping with herbivory: photosynthetic capacity and resource allocation in two semiarid Agropyron bunchgrasses. Oecologia 50:14–24
Costa TL, Sarmento RA, Araújo TA, Pereira PS, Silva RS, Lopes MC, Picanço MC (2019) Economic injury levels and sequential sampling plans for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B on open-field melon crops. Crop Prot 125:104887
Dixon GR (2007) Vegetable brassicas and related crucifers. CABI, Wallingford, UK
Farias ES, Santos AA, Ribeiro AV, Carmo DG, Paes JS, Picanço MC (2020) Climate and host plants mediating seasonal dynamics and within-plant distribution of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Crop Prot 134:105172
Fernandes FL, Picanço MC, Campos SO, Bastos CS, Chediak M, Guedes RN, Silva RS (2011) Economic injury level for the coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using attractive traps in Brazilian coffee fields. J Econ Entomol 104:1909–1917
Furlong MJ, Wright DJ, Dosdall LM (2013) Diamondback moth ecology and management: problems, progress, and prospects. Annu Rev Entomol 58:517–541
Hooks CRR, Johnson MW (2002) Lepidopteran pest populations and crop yields in row intercropped broccoli. Agric For Entomol 4:117–125
IBGE (2019) Censo Agropecuário 2017. https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/pesquisa/censo-agropecuario/censo-agropecuario-2017. Accessed 10 Oct 2019
Johansen TJ, Mølmann JA, Bengtsson GB, Schreiner M, Velasco P, Hykkerud AL, Cartea E, Lea P, Skaret J, Seljåsen R (2017) Temperature and light conditions at different latitudes affect sensory quality of broccoli florets (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). J Sci Food Agric 97:3500–3508
Li H, Jiang H, Li T (2011) Broccoli plant nitrogen, phosphorus, and water relations at field scale and in various growth media. Int J Veg Sci 17:190–210
Lin C-H, Chang C-Y (2005) Textural change and antioxidant properties of broccoli under different cooking treatments. Food Chem 90:9–15
Marchioro CA, Foerster LA (2016) Biotic factors are more important than abiotic factors in regulating the abundance of Plutella xylostella L., in Southern Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol 60:328–333
Nabirye J, Nampala P, Kyamanywa S, Ogenga-Latigo MW, Wilson H, Adipala E (2003) Determination of damage-yield loss relationships and economic injury levels of flower thrips on cowpea in eastern Uganda. Crop Prot 22:911–915
Olfati JA, Peyvast G, Shabani H, Nosratie-Rad Z (2010) An estimation of individual leaf area in cabbage and broccoli using non-destructive methods. J Agr Sci Tech 12:627–632
Pedigo LP, Hutchins SH, Higley LG (1986) Economic injury levels in theory and practice. Annu Rev Entomol 31:341–368
Peterson RKD (2001) Photosynthesis, yield loss, and injury guilds. In: Peterson RKD, Higley LG (eds) Biotic stress and yield loss. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 83–97
Philips CR, Fu Z, Kuhar TP, Shelton AM, Cordero RJ (2014) Natural history, ecology, and management of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), with emphasis on the United States. J Integr Pest Manag 5:1–11
R Core Team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Reis LCR, Oliveira VR, Hagen MEK, Jablonski A, Flôres SH, Rios AO (2015) Carotenoids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fresh and cooked broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Avenger) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Alphina F1). LWT - Food Sci Technol 63:177–183
Ribeiro AC, Guimarães PTG, Alvarez VH (1999) Recomendação para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais: 5a. aproximação. Comissão de fertilidade do solo do estado de Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Brazil
Signorell A (2019) DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics. https://cran.r-project.org/package=DescTools
Simms EL, Rausher MD (1987) Costs and benefits of plant resistance to herbivory. Am Nat 130:570–581
Subramanian S, Rabindra RJ, Sathiah N (2010) Economic threshold for the management of Plutella xylostella with granulovirus in cauliflower ecosystem. Phytoparasitica 38:5–17
Tuan SJ, Lee CC, Tang LC, Saska P (2017) Economic injury level and demography-based control timing projection of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different growth stages of Arachis hypogaea. J Econ Entomol 110:755–762
Vos IA, Pieterse CMJ, van Wees SCM (2013) Costs and benefits of hormone-regulated plant defences. Plant Pathol 62:43–55
Vyavhare SS, Way MO, Medina RF (2015) Determination of growth stage-specific response of soybean to redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its relationship to the development of flat pods. J Econ Entomol 108:1770–1778
Funding
This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq, process number: 140983/2017-1), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – FAPEMIG.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
ESF and MCP conceived the research. ESF, LCSS, JBM, and PASJ conducted experiments. ESF conducted statistical analyses. ESF wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Edited by Rafael M Pitta
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
ESM 1
(PDF 391 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Farias, E.d., Sant’ana, L.C., Melo, J.B. et al. Impact of Diamondback Moth Density and Infestation Timing on Broccoli Yield. Neotrop Entomol 50, 298–302 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00849-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00849-3