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Helicoverpa armigera Harm 1 Haplotype Predominates in the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Complex Infesting Tomato Crops in Brazil

  • Systematics, Morphology and Physiology
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Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a natural host for the Helicoverpa-Chloridea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) pest complex. The species Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was responsible for significant yield losses in several crops after its detection in Brazil. The morphology of its larval stage resembles common Heliothinae species, making pest control decisions difficult. The overall lack of studies on the Heliothinae associated with tomatoes in Brazil and the establishment of H. armigera in the country plus their recent outbreaks supported our investigation about the relative importance of the insects from the Helicoverpa-Chloridea complex in this vegetable crop. A nationwide survey was carried out across fresh-market and processing tomato fields. Molecular analyses targeting a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and their sequence analyses indicated the presence of a pest complex, comprising the introduced species H. armigera and the indigenous species, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Chloridea virescens (Fabricius). The Harm 1 haplotype of H. armigera was identified as the predominant Heliothinae pest infesting fresh-market tomatoes. The New World species Chloridea subflexa (Guenée) as well as the exotic Solanaceae-specific species Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée) were not found in our survey. Additional larvae surveys in processing tomato fields during 2013/2014 in Central Brazil also indicated H. armigera as the most abundant Heliothinae species (95%) together with H. zea (4.75%) and C. virescens (0.25%). The occurrence of distinct Helicoverpa species (which are potentially capable of interbreeding) indicates that novel crop management strategies will be necessary in order to minimize damages caused by this pest complex in tomatoes.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants, scholarships, and fellowships from EMBRAPA (Projects 02.13.14.006.00.00 and 22.16.04.22.00.00), CAPES (Financial code 001), and CNPq. We are grateful to Fabiane dos Santos (Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina/Defesa Sanitária Vegetal) and José Salazar Zanúncio Junior (Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural) for their field collection of Heliothinae samples. We also grateful to Maurício Bakalarczyk and Adoilson Silva (Sorgatto Agricultural Group) and Lupersy Bassan (Agropecuária Agriter) for allowing us to carry out the surveys in the processing tomato fields. Thanks also to Moises Lopes Fernandes (Embrapa Hortaliças) for the assistance in the field surveys and Antônio Francisco Costa (Embrapa Hortaliças) for his skillful help with Sanger dideoxy sequencing. We thank the ICMBIO for the collecting permits (SISBIO no. 48218-3 and 38547/6). We also thank Gilson Rudinei Pires Moreira (Departamento de Zoologia, UFRGS) and Gislene Lopes Gonçalves (Departamento de Genética, UFRGS) for insightful comments on our manuscript.

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  1. Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Hortaliças, Gama, DF, Brazil

    Miguel Michereff-Filho & Karla Fernanda Ayres de Souza Silva

  2. Lab de Melhoramento Genético & Análise Genômica, Embrapa Hortaliças, Gama, Distrito Federal, Brazil

    Maria Esther Noronha Fonseca & Leonardo Silva Boiteux

  3. Depto de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Jorge Braz Torres & Karla Fernanda Ayres de Souza Silva

  4. Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil

    Alexandre Specht

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  1. Miguel Michereff-Filho
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Contributions

MMF, MENF, and LSB conceived the study. KFASS, AS, MMF, and MENF contributed material preparation and data collection. MENF, LSB, and JBT analyzed data and conducted statistical analyses. MMF, LSB, MENF, and JBT wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. LSB and MENF contributed funding acquisition and resources. All authors reviewed the MS and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Miguel Michereff-Filho.

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Michereff-Filho, M., Fonseca, M.E.N., Boiteux, L.S. et al. Helicoverpa armigera Harm 1 Haplotype Predominates in the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Complex Infesting Tomato Crops in Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 50, 258–268 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00845-z

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