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Biochemical and anti-inflammatory effect of Ocimum americanum Linn. extracts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

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Abstract

Interest in medicinal plant research and usage has risen due to many reported side effects of synthetic drugs and their relatively higher cost. Ocimum americanum (family Lamiaceae) is a commonly used spice in Ghana with the aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and stem been rich in saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of the aqueous extracts of O. americanum parts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. In a ten-day experiment, nephrotoxicity was induced with gentamicin (GM; 100 mg/kg b.wt. for 8 days) and cisplatin (Cisp; 6 mg/kg b.wt. for 1 day) after pre-treatment with 250 mg/kg b.wt. of the leaves, stem, and flower extracts of O. americanum and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 10 days. The nephroprotective activity was evaluated by assaying the activity of serum kidney function parameter, kidney oxidative stress parameters, kidney inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and IL-1) and histopathology. The activities of kidney function parameters of animals were significantly increased following Cisp and GM treatment with resultant alteration is kidney microarchitecture, over-expressions of NF-κB and IL1 and kidney oxidative stress markers. Extract pre-treatment restored kidney function to near-normal, downregulating the expressions of IL-1 and NF-κB and improved levels of reduced GSH contents, GPx and SOD activities. However, leaves extract showed the best protection against GM while all extracts showed improved protection (> 50%) against Cisp. Extract of Ocimum americanum exhibit nephroprotective activity and could be developed as a potent kidney protector.

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Funding

This research did not receive any assistance from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors. They were performed as part of the work duties of the research team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana

    Christopher Larbie, Clement O. Adjei, Emmanuel B. Aseidu & Rosemond Mawuenyega

  2. Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana

    Ruby A. Nyarko

  3. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Ademola A. Oyagbemi

  4. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Theophilus A. Jarikre

  5. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana

    Benjamin O. Emikpe

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  1. Christopher Larbie
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Correspondence to Christopher Larbie.

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Ethical statement

All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiment on Animals (CPCSEA, New Delhi, India) and the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (Washington, USA). Protocol for the animal study was approved by a veterinarian on the team.

Conflict of interest

Christopher Larbie has no conflict of interest. Ruby A. Nyarko has no conflict of interest. Ademola A. Oyagbemi has no conflict of interest. Theophilus A. Jarikre has no conflict of interest. Clement O. Adjei has no conflict of interest. Emmanuel B. Aseidu has no conflict of interest. Rosemond Mawuenyega has no conflict of interest. Benjamin O. Emikpe has no conflict of interest.

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Larbie, C., Nyarko, R.A., Oyagbemi, A.A. et al. Biochemical and anti-inflammatory effect of Ocimum americanum Linn. extracts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 21, 747–758 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00501-2

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