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Current insight into the functions of microRNAs in common human hair loss disorders: a mini review

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Abstract

Alopecia areata (AA) and Androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the most common multifactorial hair loss disorders that have a serious psychological impact on the affected individuals, while frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is comparatively less common. However, due to the unknown etiology and the effect of many adverse factors, the prognosis of these conditions is challenging to predict. Moreover, no approved therapy has been available to date to prevent or treat these disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules with significant roles in the posttranscriptional gene regulation either through mRNA degradation or translational repression. A number of biological processes are controlled by these molecules, including cell growth and differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, immune responses, and apoptosis. Recently, a handful of studies have demonstrated the impact of miRNAs on common hair loss-related disorders; however, the exhaustive molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we discussed the functional implications of miRNAs in common hair loss-related disorders and addressed their efficacy to be used for theranostic purposes shortly.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Alopecia areata

AGA:

Androgenic alopecia

AGO2:

Argonaute 2

APP:

Amyloid-beta precursor protein

ASK1:

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1

BAK1:

Brassinosteroid insensitive 1–associated kinase 1

BCL2L10:

B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2-like protein 10

BNIP2:

B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting protein 2

CTLA4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4

CXCL11:

C-X-C motif chemokine 11

DTH:

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

DYRK1A:

Dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1A

FFA:

Frontal fibrosing alopecia

FOXO1:

Forkhead transcription factor 1

FPHL:

Female pattern hair loss

HF:

Hair follicle

HDPC:

Human dermal papilla cells

HS:

Hair shaft

ICOS:

Inducible co-stimulatory protein

IFNG:

Interferon-gamma

IL2RA:

Interleukin-2 receptor alpha

JAK/STAT:

Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

miRNA:

MicroRNA

MPB:

Male pattern baldness

NFAT:

Nuclear factor of activated T cell

p27/kip1:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B

p57/kip2:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C

pre-miRNA:

Precursor microRNA

pri-miRNA:

Primary microRNA

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SCF/c-kit:

Stem cell factor/tyrosine-protein kinase KIT

SFRP1:

Secreted frizzled-related protein 1

STAT1:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1

STX17:

Syntaxin 17

TAP:

Transporter associated with antigen processing

TAP2:

Transporter associated with antigen processing 2

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNKS2:

Tankyrase-2

TNXB:

Tenascin XB

UTR:

Untranslated region

VDR:

Vitamin D receptor

XPO5:

Exportin 5

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Ivan Licona-Vazquez, Francisco I. Serrano-Cano, Natalia Frías-Reid, Carolina Pacheco-Dorantes contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México

    Sujay Paul, Iván Licona-Vázquez, Francisco I. Serrano-Cano, Natalia Frías-Reid & Carolina Pacheco-Dorantes

  2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India

    Surajit Pathak

  3. Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Samik Chakraborty

  4. Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway

    Aashish Srivastava

  5. Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway

    Aashish Srivastava

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Paul, S., Licona-Vázquez, I., Serrano-Cano, F.I. et al. Current insight into the functions of microRNAs in common human hair loss disorders: a mini review. Human Cell 34, 1040–1050 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-021-00540-0

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