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Recent trends in two-photon auto-fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) and its biomedical applications

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Abstract

Two photon fluorescence microscopy and the numerous technical advances to it have served as valuable tools in biomedical research. The fluorophores (exogenous or endogenous) absorb light and emit lower energy photons than the absorption energy and the emission (fluorescence) signal is measured using a fluorescence decay graph. Additionally, high spatial resolution images can be acquired in two photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) with improved penetration depth which helps in detection of fluorescence signal in vivo. 2P-FLIM is a non-invasive imaging technique in order to visualize cellular metabolic, by tracking intrinsic fluorophores present in it, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide and tryptophan etc. 2P-FLIM of these molecules enable the visualization of metabolic alterations, non-invasively. This comprehensive review discusses the numerous applications of 2P-FLIM towards cancer, neuro-degenerative, infectious diseases, and wound healing.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. K. Satyamoorthy, Manipal School of Life Sciences (MSLS), MAHE for his encouragement and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for providing the infrastructure and facilities. We also thank Dr. K K Mahato, Department of Biophysics, MSLS, MAHE, Manipal for discussion.

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  1. Harsh Ranawat and Sagnik Pal have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India

    Harsh Ranawat, Sagnik Pal & Nirmal Mazumder

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  1. Harsh Ranawat
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Correspondence to Nirmal Mazumder.

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Ranawat, H., Pal, S. & Mazumder, N. Recent trends in two-photon auto-fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) and its biomedical applications. Biomed. Eng. Lett. 9, 293–310 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-019-00119-7

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