Abstract
The Brazilian seaport infrastructure has witnessed significant changes in the cargo volumes and trade profile as a consequence of Brazilian economy participation in international trade during the 1990s and more in the 2000s. In the main ports, not only the volume of containerized cargo has presented double-digit growth but also the bulk cargo (dry and liquid) have broken records. The Brazilian port system has been through a legal transformation in the mid-1990s with the Port Reform Law 1993 (Act 8630) and the first landlord concessions were signed in years 1995/1997. Then, 20 years later, in 2012, another port reform law was proposed and in a record time fashion, it was passed as law (Act 12815) in the year 2013. This paper analyzes the process by which the Brazilian Port Reform law was passed in Congress, aiming to capture the political dimension of such changes. The study uses content analysis methodology to examine a series of public documents to explicit the motivations, the changes proposed and the final text passed in Congress. The results demonstrate that the port reform law, beyond its economical motivations, represented the political dimension of the port development in Brazil, and as such, it was under the influence of different groups of interest through their Congress Representatives who have disputed the law shape and content.
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All data used in this research is publicly available as mentioned in the “Methodology and data” section and full references listed.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Prof Dr. Vera Lucia Michalany Chaia of Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo for her unconditional support and mentoring to Cassia Galvao during her PhD where the idea of this project was orginally generated. Also, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments and suggestions that improved the paper quality and clarity. The authors take full responsibility for the paper argument integrity.
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The authors were funded by their respective affiliated institutions. No external funds employed.
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Appendix. List of abbreviations
Appendix. List of abbreviations
Original in Portuguese | English translated version |
|---|---|
ANTAQ (Agencia Nacional de Transportes Aquaviarios) | Brazilian National Agency of Waterway Transportation |
Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) | National Bank for Economic and Social Development |
CAP (Conselho de Autoridade Portuaria) | Port Authority Councils |
CENTRAN (Centro de Excelência em Engenharia de Transportes) | Center for Excellence in Transport Engineering |
CLT (Consolidacao das Leis Trabalhistas) | Consolidation of Labor Laws |
CNT (Confederação Nacional dos Transportes) | National Confederation of Transport |
COFINS (Contribuição para Financiamento da Seguridade Social) | Contribution for the Financing of Social Security |
Conaportos (Comissão Nacional das Autoridades nos Portos) | National Commission of Ports Authorities |
CONIT (Conselho Nacional de Integracao de Politicas de Transportes) | National Council for Integration of Transport Policies |
DEC (Departamento de Engenharia e Construção Exército Brasileiro) | Army Corp Department of Engineering and Construction |
DNER (Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodaem) | National Roadway Department |
DNIT (Departamento Nacional de Infraestructura de Transporte) | National Department of Transportation Infrastructure |
ETC (Estacao de transbordo decarga) | Cargo Transshipment Station |
EPL (Empresa de Planejamento e Logistica) | Logistics and Planning Corporation |
FDC (Fundacao Dom Cabral) | Dom Cabral Foundation |
FIESP (Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo) | Federation of Manufacturing Industries of the State of São Paulo |
GEIPOT (Empresa Brasileira de Planejamento de Transportes) | Executive Group for the Integration of Transport Policy |
IPCA (Indice Nacional de Precos ao Consumidor Amplo) | National Broad Consumers Price Index |
IPEA (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada) | Institute of Applied Economic Research |
IPT (Instalações Portuárias públicas de pequeno porte) | Small public Ports Terminals |
MDIC (Ministerio do Desenvolvimento Industria e Comercio) | Ministry of Development, Industry and Commerce |
MP (Medida Provisória) | Provisional Measure: Brazilian’s executive legal instrument, which correspond immediately to an act, but it has to be approved by Congress. |
OGMO (Orgao Gestor da Mao-de-Obra) | Labor Management Organ |
SEP (Secretaria Especial de Portos) | Special Secretariat for Ports |
SPNT/MT (Secretaria Nacional de Politica de Transportes do Ministerio dos Transportes) | Secretariat of National Transportation Policy of the Ministry of Transport |
TPA (Trabalhadores portarios Avulsos) | Independent Port Worker |
TUP (Terminal de Uso Privado) | Private Use Terminal |
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Galvao, C.B., Robles, L.T. The political dimension of Brazilian port development: a content analysis of the 2013 new port law. WMU J Marit Affairs 20, 17–39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-020-00223-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-020-00223-x