Skip to main content
Log in

Ship sense—striving for harmony in ship manoeuvring

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ship manoeuvring is something that many seafarers perform, although little attention has been devoted to this in research literature. The topic has generally been explained by members of the trade as gaining knowledge through experience. The purpose of this study was to identify which factors contribute to the perceived state of a ship’s physical condition during manoeuvring. Eight master mariners were interviewed. The data resulted in a division of a sea voyage into three different phases, each requiring varying levels of effort from the bridge crew. The results further describe how the shiphandler strives for harmony between his ship and the environment. This is accomplished by personal factors such as spatial awareness, knowledge and experience to handle environmental factors of context, situation and vessel specific factors of inertia and the use of navigational instruments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baillie D (1997) Concepts, skills and competence in a maritime setting. In: Institute TN (ed) Maritime education and training—a practical guide. The Nautical Institute, London, pp 16–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Brogdon B (2001) Boat navigation for the rest of us: finding your way by eye and electronics. International Marine Publishing

  • Chauvin C, Lardjane S (2008) Decision making and strategies in an interaction situation: collision avoidance at sea. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav 11(4):259–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauvin C, Clostermann J-P, Hoc J-M (2009) Impact of training programs on decision-making and situation awareness of trainee watch officers. Saf Sci 47(9):1222–1231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbin J, Strauss A (2008) Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 3rd edn. Sage

  • Crenshaw RS JR (1975) Naval shiphandling. 4th edn. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Drahos J (1997) Marine pilot training. In: Institute TN (ed) Maritime education and training—a practical guide. The Nautical Institute, London, pp 241–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Endsley MR (1995) Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors 37(1):32–64. doi:10.1518/001872095779049543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller R (2000) The Task–Capability Interface model of the driving process. Recherche Tranports Sécurité 66:47–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller R (2005) Towards a general theory of driver behaviour. Accid Anal Prev 37(3):461–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson JJ, Crooks LE (1938) A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving. Am J Psychol 51(3):453–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollnagel E (2002) Cognition as control: a pragmatic approach to the modelling of joint cognitive systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics A: Systems and Humans - “Model-Based Cognitive Engineering in Complex Systems”

  • Hollnagel E, Woods DD (1983) Cognitive Systems Engineering: new wine in new bottles. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 18:583–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollnagel E, Nåbo A, Lau IV (2003) A systemic model for driver-in-control. In: The Second International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, pp 86-91

  • House DJ (2007) Ship Handling—theory and practice. 1 edn. Butterworth-Heinemann

  • Hunt NW (1997) Training in shiphandling skills—optimising experience, simulation and time on manned models. In: Institute TN (ed) Maritime education and training—a practical guide. The Nautical Institute, London, pp 107–112

    Google Scholar 

  • IMO (2011) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, 2011th edn. International Maritime Organisation, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckartz U (2007) MAXQDA 2007, 2007th edn. Verbi, Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Lützhöft M, Nyce J (2006) Piloting by heart and by chart. J Navig 59:221–237. doi:10.1017/S0373463306003663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin MK, Sheldon E, Kass S, Mead AM, Jones SA, Breaux R (1998) Using a Virtual Environment to Elicit Shiphandling Knowledge. Paper presented at the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation & Education Conference (I/ITSEC)

  • Militello LG, Hutton RJB, Pliske RM, Knight BJ, Klein G (1997) Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) Methodology. Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Okazaki T, Kayano J, Higano F A Study on Berth Maneuvering Using Ship Handling Simulator. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, San Antonio, TX, USA, 11 October 2009 through 14 October 2009. pp 654-659. doi:10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346665

  • Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative research and evaluation methods. 3rd edn. Sage

  • Polanyi M (1966) The tacit dimension. Doubleday, Gloucester

    Google Scholar 

  • Prison J, Porathe T, Lützhöft M (2009) Ship sense—what is it and how does one get it? Paper presented at the International Conference—Human Factors in Ship Design and Operation, London, UK

  • Roberts P (1997) Training for command. In: Institute TN (ed) Maritime education and training—a practical guide. The Nautical Institute, London, pp 250–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson C (2007) How to do a research project: a guide for undergraduate students. Blackwell Publishing

  • Rowe RW (2000) The shiphandler’s guide. 2nd edn. The Nautical Institute, London

  • The Nautical Institute (1990) The Nautical Institute on Pilotage and Shiphandling. The Nautical Institute, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Transportstyrelsen (2010a) Transportstyrelsens författningssamling TSFS 2010:20, Transportstyrelsens föreskrifter och allmänna råd om utbildning och behörigheter för sjöpersonal (The Swedish Maritime Administration’s Statue Book TSFS 2010:20, the Swedish Maritime Administration’s Directions and General Advice on Education and Certificates for Sea Personnel). Transportstyrelsen, Sweden

  • Transportstyrelsen (2010b) Transportstyrelsens författningssamling TSFS 2010:102, Transportstyrelsens föreskrifter om bemanning (The Swedish Maritime Administration’s Statue Book TSFS 2010:102, the Swedish Maritime Administration’s Directions on Manning). Transportstyrelsen, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • US Navy (1945) Skill in the surf—a landing boat manual. The Training and Operations Staff, Landing Craft School, Amphibious Training base. Available via The Navy Department Library. http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/surfskill.htm. Accessed May 1 2011

  • van Westrenen FC (1999) The maritime pilot at work—evaluation and use of a time-to-boundary model of mental workload in human-machine systems. Delft University, Delft, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JR, Norris BJ (2006) Human factors in support of a successful railway: a review. Cognition, Technology and Work 8(1):4–14. doi:10.1007/s10111-005-0016-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zsambok CE, Klein GA (1997) Naturalistic decision making. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, USA

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude towards VINNOVA—Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems and Region Västra Götaland for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Johannes Prison.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Prison, J., Dahlman, J. & Lundh, M. Ship sense—striving for harmony in ship manoeuvring. WMU J Marit Affairs 12, 115–127 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-013-0038-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-013-0038-5

Keywords

Navigation