Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Investigation of sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine sleep quality and quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Turkish university hospital in 2010. “The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)”, “the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale” (SF36), “Beck Depression Inventory” (BDI), “Beck Anxiety Inventory” (BAI) and self-designed questionnaires were used. Sleep quality was bad in 67.9 % of the patients. The total mean for patients’ PSQI score was calculated as 6.41 ± 2.79. Analyzing the sections of the SF36, the mean score for functional condition was 51.99 ± 25.09, 50.76 ± 1.29 for well-being, 47.98 ± 14.78 for sense of life and 50.24 ± 1.49 for global life quality. The mean incidence of depression in patients was 6.35 ± 4.08, and mean frequency of anxiety was 7.81 ± 3.98. There was a significant difference between PSQI, BDI and BAI when patients’ age, duration of disease, and chronic overlapping diseases were considered. To conclude, in the majority of type 2 diabetic patients (67.9 %) we determined poor quality of sleep and mild depression and anxiety. Understanding sleep disorders, anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetic patients will help in the management of the disease and the enhancement of quality of life. Most nurses are aware of diabetes inpatients’ poor sleep quality, high level of anxiety and depression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/84942.php

  2. Mallon L, Broman JE, Hetta J. High incidence of diabetes in men with sleep complaints or short sleep duration. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2762–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lopes LA, Lins CMM, Adeodato VG, Quental DP, Bruin PFC, Montenegro RM, et al. Restless legs syndrome and quality of sleep in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2633–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cappuccio FP, D’elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller M. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:414–20.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hayashino Y, Fukuhara S, Suzukamo Y, et al. Relation between sleep quality and quantity, quality of life, and risk of developing diabetes in healthy workers in Japan: The high- risk and population strategy for occupational health promotion study. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:129.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bahar A. The determination of anxiety and depression levels with patients with diabetes mellitus. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2006;1:3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. The validity and reliability of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turkish J Psychiatr. 1996;7:107–15.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Ölmez N, Memiş A. The validity and reliability of SF-36 for Turkish. Ege Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 1999;12:102–6.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hisli N. The validity and reliability of Beck depression inventory for Turkish. Turkish J Psychol. 1988;6:118–22.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties journal of cognitive psychotherapy. An International Quarterly. 1998;12:21–8.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Resnick HE, Redline S, Shahar E, Gilpin A, Newman A, Walter R, et al. Diabetes and sleep disturbances. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:702–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kawakami N, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H. Sleep disturbance and onset of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:282–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Björkelund C, Bondyr-Carlsson D, Lapidus L, Lissner L, Månsson J, Skoog I, et al. Sleep disturbances in midlife unrelated to 32-year diabetes incidence: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2739–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Yaggi HK, Araujo AB, McKinlay JB. Sleep duration as a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:657–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cuellar NG, Ratcliffe SJ. A comparison of glycemic control, sleep, fatigue, and depression in type 2 diabetes with and without restless legs syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4:50–6.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Zanetti ML, Cunha MC, Hass VJ. Sleep quality in type 2 diabetics. The Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2008;16:850–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Güneş Z, Körükçü Ö, Özdemir G. The determination of quality of sleep in patients with diabetes. J Anatolia NursHealth Sci. 2009;12:10–7.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lam JCM, Ip MSM. Sleep and metabolic sydrome. The Indian J Med Res. 2010;131:206–16.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Eşer İ, Khorshıd L, Çınar Ş. Sleep quality of older adults in nursing homes in Turkey: Enhancing the quality of improves quality of life. J Gerontol Nurs. 2007;33:42–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ayas N, White D, Al-Delaimy W, et al. A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:380–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nilsson P, Hedblad B, Rööst M, et al. Incidence of diabetes in middle-aged men is related to sleep disturbances. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2464–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fiorentini A, Valente R, Perciaccante A, Tubani L. Int J Cardiol. 2007;114:50–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Meisinger C, Heier H, Lowel H. Sleep disturbance as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the general population. Diabetologia. 2005;48:235–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yüksel S, Çölbay M. The evaluation of type 1 and type 2diabetic patients’ sleep quality, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Master Thesis, Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe University, Afyon. 2007

  25. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. We are chronically sleep deprived. Sleep. 1995;18:908–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15:205–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Redekop WK, Guy EHM, Koopmanschop MA. Health-related quality of life and treatment satisfaction in Dutch patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:458–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Saraç ZF, Tütüncüoğlu P, Parıldar Ş, Saygılı F, et al. Quality of life in Turkish diabetic patients. Turk Jem. 2007;11:48–53.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Çıtıl R. The ımpact on quality of life of medical and social factors in diabetic patients. Thesis of medical specialization, Erciyes University, Kayseri. 2009

  30. Johnson JA. Health related quality of life of diabetic Pima Indians. Med Care. 1996;3:97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, et al. Obesity at distribution and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in man. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:961–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wexler D, Grant W, Wittenber E, et al. Correlates of health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2006;49:1489–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gönen S, Güngör K, Çili A, et al. Comprehensive analysis of health related quality of life in patients with diabetes: a study from Konya, Turkey. Turkish J Endocrinol Metab. 2007;11:81–8.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Brazier JE. Validating the SF 36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure primary care. Br Med J. 1992;30:160–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Özkan S. Psychiatric and Psycho-Social Perspective Diabetes Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: Psychiatric Medicine (Psikiyatrik Tıp). 1993

  36. Bradley C, Lewis KS. Measures of psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction developed from the responses of people with tablet-treated diabetes. Diabet Med. 1990;7:445–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Keinanen IC. Health related quality of life in diabetic patients measured by the Nottingham health profile. Diabet Med. 1996;13:382–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Glasgow RE. Quality of life and associated characteristics in a large national sample of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:562–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Palinkas LA. Type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults: a population based study. Diabet Med. 1997;8:532–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Jacobson AM, De Groot M. The evaluation of two measures of quality of life in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:267–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fan LF. Quality of life of the patients with diabetes mellitus and risk factors. Chung-Hua-Hu_ Li- Tsa-Chih. 1996;31:562–7.

  42. Brown GC, Brown MM, Sharma S, Brown H, et al. Quality of life associated with diabetes mellitus in an adult population. J Diabetes Complicat. 2000;14:18–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Krishman R. Medical illness and depressive disorders. Psychiatr Times. 2000;17:9.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Güven N. The evaluation of quality of life and fatigue in patients with diabetes mellitus. Master Thesis, Haliç University, Istanbul. 2010

  45. Padgett DK. Sociodemographic and disease-related correlates of depressive morbidity among diabetic patients in Zagreb, Croatia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;18:123–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Pakerson GR. Disease-spesific versus generic measurement of health-related quality of life in insu1in dependent diabetic patients. Med Care. 1993;31:629–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Cox DR et al. Quality of life assessment can we keep it simple? J R Stat Soc. 1992;155:353–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Talbot F, Nülmen A. A review of the relationship between depression and diabetes in adults. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1556–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalance of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a metaanalysis. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1069–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Okanovic MP, Peros K, Szabo S, Begict D, Metelko Z. Depression in Croation Type 2 diabetic patients: prevalence and risk factors. A croation survey from the european depression in diabetes research consortium. Diabet Med. 2005;22:942–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Nichols GA, Brown JB. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of diagnosed depression in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:744–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Grigsbya AB, Andersona RJ, Freedlanda KE, Clousea RE, Lustmana PJ. Prevalence of anxiety in adults with diabetes: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:1053–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Rosenthal MJ, Fajardo M, Gilmore S, Morley JE, Naliboff BD. Hospitalization and mortality of diabetes in older adults. A three-year prospective study. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:231–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Sevinçok L, Güney E, Uslu A, Baklac F. Depression in a sample of Turkish type 2 diabetes patients. European Psychiatry. 2001;16:229–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hermanns N, Kulzer B, Krichbaumt M, Kubiak T, Haak T. Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors. Diabet Med. 2005;22:293–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gülseren L, Hekimsoy Z. Gülseren, Bodur Z, Kültür S. Depression-anxiety, quality of life and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus. Turkish J Psychiatry. 2001;12:89–98.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zenteno JFT, Cardiel MH. Risk factors associated with depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Res. 2002;33:53–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank all responsible and instructor physicians and clinical nurses. We would also like to thank all of the patients, who let us perform this study.

Conflicts of interest

The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Şebnem Çinar Yücel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yücel, Ş.Ç., Güler, E.K. & Ak, İ. Investigation of sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 35, 39–46 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-014-0206-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-014-0206-y

Keywords

Navigation