Abstract
Based on observed snow and precipitation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship between the number of winter snow cover days in Northeast China and the following summer’s rainfall in the northern part of southern China is analyzed and the possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. The results indicate that a negative relationship is significant throughout the study period, especially more obvious after the 1980s. The pre-winter circulation patterns in years with more snow cover days and less summer rainfall in the south bank of the Yangtze River are almost the same. In years with more snow cover days, lower temperatures at the lower level over Northeast China are found in winter and spring. The winter monsoon is weaker and retreats later in these years than in those with fewer snow cover days. In spring of years with more snow cover days, anomalous cyclonic circulation is observed over Northeast China, and anomalous northerly wind is found in eastern China. In summer of these years, anomalous northeasterly wind at the lower level is found from the area south of the Yangtze River to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea; and with less southwesterly water vapor transport, the rainfall in the area south of the Yangtze River is less than normal, and the opposite patterns are true in years with fewer snow cover days. In recent years, the stable relationship between winter snow cover in Northeast China and summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin can be used for summer rainfall prediction. The results are of great importance to short-term climate prediction for summer rainfall.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
An Di, Li Dongliang, Yuan Yun, et al., 2009: Contrast between snow cover data of different definitions. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 31, 1019–1027. (in Chinese)
Chen Guangyu, 2011: Analysis on temporal-spatial characteristics of cumulative snow depth and its influence factors in Northeast China and its vicinity. Master dissertation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China, 70 pp. (in Chinese)
Chen Guangyu and Li Dongliang, 2011: Temporal-spatial characteristics of cumulative snow depth in Northeast China and its vicinity. Meteor. Mon., 37, 513–521. (in Chinese)
Chen Haishan and Xu Bei, 2012: Spatial and temporal features of snow depth in winter over Eurasian continent and its impacting factors. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32, 129–135. (in Chinese)
Chen Lieting and Wu Renguang, 2000: Interannual and decadal variations of snow cover over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and their relationships to summer monsoon rainfall in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 17, 18–30.
Chen Qianjin, Gao Bo, and Zhang Qiang, 2000a: Studies on relation of snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in winter to the winter-summer monsoon change. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 477–492. (in Chinese)
Chen Qianjin, Gao Bo, Li Weijing, et al., 2000b: Studies on relationships among snow cover winter over the Tibetan Plateau and droughts/floods during Meiyu season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as atmosphere/ocean. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 58, 582–595. (in Chinese)
Chen Xingfang and Song Wenling, 2000a: Analysis of relationship between snow cover on Eurasia and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter and summer rainfall in China and application to prediction. Plateau Meteor., 19, 214–223. (in Chinese)
Chen Xingfang and Song Wenling, 2000b: Circulation analysis of different influence of snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau and Eurasia in winter on summertime droughts and floods of China. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 585–592. (in Chinese)
China Meteorological Administration, 2003: Surface Meteorological Observation Criteria. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 151 pp. (in Chinese)
Ding Feng, Sun Zhaobo, and Liu Jingle, 2009: Correlations of snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau in winter and spring with precipitation in summer over China. Trans. Atmos. Sci., 32, 783–791. (in Chinese)
Gao Rong, Zhong Hailing, Dong Wenjie, et al., 2011: Impact of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on summer precipitation in China. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 32, 254–260. (in Chinese)
Guo Qiyun and Wang Jiqin, 1986: The snow cover on Tibetan Plateau and its effect on the monsoon over East Asia. Plateau Meteor., 5, 116–124. (in Chinese)
Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, et al., 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437–471.
Kistler, R., W. Collins, S. Saha, et al., 2001: The NCEPNCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247–267.
Li Dongliang and Wang Chunxue, 2011: Research progress of snow cover and its influence on China climate. Trans. Atmos. Sci., 34, 627–636. (in Chinese)
Li Peiji and Mi Desheng, 1983: Distribution of snow cover in China. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 5, 9–18. (in Chinese)
Li Weijing, 2012: Modern Climate Service. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 480 pp. (in Chinese)
Li Zhenkun, Wu Bingyi, and Zhu Weijun, 2009: Numerical simulation on effect of spring Eurasian snow cover on summer rainfall in China. Adv. Climate Change Res., 5, 196–201. (in Chinese)
Mu Songning and Zhou Guangqing, 2010: Relationship between winter northern Eurasian fresh snow extent and summer climate anomalies in China. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 213–226. (in Chinese)
Qian, Y. F., Y. Q. Zheng, Y. Zhang, et al., 2003: Responses of China’s summer monsoon climate to snow anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 593–613.
Souma, K., and Y. Q. Wang, 2009: Improved simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall with satellite-derived snow water equivalent data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1790–1804.
Wang Chunxue and Li Dongliang, 2012: Spatial-temporal variations of snow cover days and the maximum depth of snow cover in China during recent 50 years. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 34, 247–256. (in Chinese)
Wang Yetang, He Yong, and Hou Shugui, 2008: Recent progress in researches of the impact of winter and spring snow cover on the Asian summer monsoon precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 30, 452–460. (in Chinese)
Wei Zhigang, Luo Siwei, Dong Wenjie, et al., 1998: Snow cover data on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its relation on summer rainfall in China. J. Appl. Meteor. Sci., 9, 39–46. (in Chinese)
Wu Tongwen and Qian Zheng’an, 2000: Further analyses of the linkage between winter and spring snow depth anomaly over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and summer rainfall of eastern China. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 58, 570–581. (in Chinese)
Wu, T. W., and Z. G. Qian, 2003: The relation between the Tibetan winter snow and the Asian summer monsoon and rainfall: An observational investigation. J. Climate, 16, 2038–2051.
Yang, S., and L. Z. Xu, 1994: Linkage between Eurasian winter snow cover and regional Chinese summer rainfall. Int. J. Climatol., 14, 739–750.
Yasunari, T., A. Kitoh, and T. Tokioka, 1991: Local and remote responses to excessive snow mass over Eurasia appearing in the northern spring and summer climate: A study with the MRI-GCM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 473–487.
Zhai Panmao and Zhou Qinfang, 1997: The snow cover change in Northern Hemisphere and summer rainfall in China. J. Appl. Meteor. Sci., 8, 230–235. (in Chinese)
Zhang Qian and Li Dongliang, 2012: Influence of winter and spring snow cover in Eurasia and Northeast China on summer air temperature over Northeast China. J. Glaciol. Geocryol., 34, 284–295. (in Chinese)
Zhu Yuxiang, Ding Yihui, and Xu Huaigang, 2007: The decadal relationship between atmospheric heat source of winter and spring snow over Tibetan Plateau and rainfall in East China. Acta Meteor. Sinica, 65, 946–958. (in Chinese)
Zhu Yuxiang, Ding Yihui, and Liu Haiwen, 2009: Simulation of the influence of winter snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau on summer rainfall in China. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 903–915. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201206017 and GYHY201306033), National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2013CB430203), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205039).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ding, T., Gao, H. Relationship between winter snow cover days in Northeast China and rainfall near the Yangtze River basin in the following summer. J Meteorol Res 29, 400–411 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-014-4255-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-014-4255-4