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First molecular detection of avian polyomavirus from captive psittacine birds in Bangladesh, together with confirmation of beak and feather disease virus co-infection

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Abstract

Avian polyomavirus (APV) is an emerging pathogen in many parts of the world responsible for causing significant mortality in captive psittacine birds. The virus spreads slowly, and transboundary movement of birds is one of the potential risk factors for the virus introduction in the naïve population. Bangladesh allows the import of birds, however there is currently no surveillance to screen for APV. Since we confirmed beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infection in the captive population in our earlier investigation, we hypothesized that APV may also be circulating in Bangladesh. Feather samples were collected from 100 birds (90 psittacine and 10 non-psittacine). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect viral DNA together with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This first pilot study confirmed the presence (7%, 7/100) of APV in captive psittacine birds of Bangladesh and almost half (4%, 4/100) of the APV positive birds had the BFDV co-infection. All the PCR-positive birds were asymptomatic and found in live bird markets (LBMs). No significant variation was observed in the detection rate considering species (P = 0.94), age (P = 0.39) or sex (P = 0.55) of birds. According to the results of the phylogenetic study, the APV isolates found in Bangladesh appear to be unrelated to isolates from other geographical areas. These findings provide an evidence of APV circulating in Bangladesh, with or without the co-infection of BFDV. Additional studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of APV/BFDV co-infection in the larger population of Bangladesh and in countries where transboundary bird interaction with Bangladesh may be possible.

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Data availability

The viral large T antigenic region partial sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database and were assigned the accession numbers mentioned in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to the bird owner for allowing us to collect feather samples. We also appreciate the access to the molecular biology laboratory under the Department of Pathology and Parasitology. We also want to thank the head of the Department of Medicine and Surgery and the director of research and extension for their help with the project proposal.

Funding

The research was funded by CVASU, Bangladesh. Grand No. 2021/305/32.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram, Bangladesh

    Chandan Nath, Md Saddam Hossain & Md Ahaduzzaman

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  1. Chandan Nath
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  2. Md Saddam Hossain
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  3. Md Ahaduzzaman
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Correspondence to Md Ahaduzzaman.

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Nath, C., Hossain, M.S. & Ahaduzzaman, M. First molecular detection of avian polyomavirus from captive psittacine birds in Bangladesh, together with confirmation of beak and feather disease virus co-infection. VirusDis. 34, 440–445 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00829-8

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