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Molecular evidence of porcine circovirus 3 infection in swine: first report in southern India

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Abstract

The present study examined 434 field samples including serum (n = 273), swabs from natural orifices (n = 52) and postmortem tissue samples (n = 109) from both suspected and asymptomatic swine from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana states in southern India. All the samples were processed for molecular screening of PCV3 by specific PCR assay. Overall molecular positivity rate of PCV3 was found to be 0.7% in southern India with one sample positive from each state of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Telangana. All the three PCR positive PCV3 samples are detected from reproductive failures and were processed and propagated in PK15 cell line for virus isolation. Out of 3 samples processed, one (INDKL9PK76) PCV3 isolate could be obtained in this study and it was confirmed by specific PCR at third and fifth passage levels. Sequencing of PCV3 positive PCR amplicon (INDKL9PK76) revealed 1004 nucleotides and BLAST analysis confirmed partial sequence of the PCV3 genome. The aligned contig sequence was submitted to GenBank under the accession number of MW627201. PCV3 sequence in this study revealed 99% homology with PCV3 isolates from Europe and China. Phylogentic analysis of the PCV3 isolate-INDKL9PK76 sequence along with established PCV3 genotypes revealed clustering within PCV3 genotypes. Characterization of PCV3 (INDKL9PK76) isolate based on deduced amino acid composition of PCV3-capsid protein revealed “A” (alanine) and “R” (arginine) at 24th and 27th residues respectively confirming the incidence of PCV3a genotype. This study evidences PCV3 associated reproductive failure in domestic pigs for the first time in southern India.

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Abbreviations

PCV3:

Porcine circovirus 3

ORF2:

Open reading frame

MEGA:

Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis

PDNS:

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search tool

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

MLT:

Maximum likelihood method

NJ:

Neighbor-joining

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, MVC, Chennai-7, Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary college and Research Institute, Tirunelveli, Professor and Head, Vaccine Research Centre-Viral vaccine, Centre for animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Chennai-51 and Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Chennai-51, India for giving the necessary funds, facilities and approval to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College Campus, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 007, India

    S. Parthiban, G. Dhinakar Raj & M. Parthiban

  2. Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, CAHS, MMC, Chennai, 600 051, India

    A. Ramesh & Anbu Kumar Karuppannan

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, MVC, Chennai, 600 007, India

    S. Hemalatha

  4. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, COVAS, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India

    Chintu Ravishankar

  5. Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, 603 203, India

    K. Senthilkumar & D. Balasubramaniyam

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  1. S. Parthiban
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  2. A. Ramesh
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  3. G. Dhinakar Raj
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  4. Anbu Kumar Karuppannan
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  5. S. Hemalatha
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  6. M. Parthiban
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  9. D. Balasubramaniyam
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Correspondence to S. Parthiban.

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Parthiban, S., Ramesh, A., Dhinakar Raj, G. et al. Molecular evidence of porcine circovirus 3 infection in swine: first report in southern India. VirusDis. 33, 284–290 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-022-00778-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-022-00778-8

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