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Lower incidence of yellow dwarf disease in autumn-sown wheat crops in New Zealand is linked with sowing dates, insecticide regimes and aerial aphid numbers

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Abstract

Symptoms of yellow dwarf disease caused by Luteoviridae viruses (YDV) in each of 43–75 autumn-sown wheat crops per year were monitored for six years during 1998–2005 in Canterbury, New Zealand. They were related to seed and foliar insecticide applications and the numbers of YDV aphid vectors from one to four regional 7.5 m high suction traps during the crop emergence–GS 30 virus infection-risk period. Over the five years when YDV was assessed in each crop on visual symptoms at flag leaf, the YDV incidence in untreated crops tended to increase with increasing numbers of flying aphids. When aphid numbers were below a relatively low threshold during the risk period for each crop, YDV incidence was low irrespective of insecticide treatments. Above this aphid threshold, the incidence of YDV was lowest in crops with an insecticide programme of an imidacloprid seed treatment followed by one foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at 17–24 g ai ha−1. This regime was estimated to provide protection from aphid-transmitted virus infection for approximately 50 % of the risk period irrespective of sowing date. Wheat crops treated with an imidacloprid-seed treatment plus one insecticide foliar application had 96 % less virus incidence than untreated crops, and one foliar application alone had 70 % less incidence. These results suggest that a tool incorporating aphid flight patterns and wheat growth stages could be developed to optimise insecticide applications for control of secondary aphid incursions in autumn sown wheat crops in New Zealand.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the cereal growers who provided access to their wheat crops and supplied information on crop data and agrichemical usage; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. staff: Callum Fletcher and Dale James for virus assessments, and Simon Bulman, Melanie Davidson and Abie Horrocks for critique of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (formerly New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology), the Foundation of Arable Research and the Agricultural and Marketing Research and Development Trust.

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  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    RF van Toor, RC Butler, MAW Stufkens & DAJ Teulon

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  1. RF van Toor
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  2. RC Butler
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  3. MAW Stufkens
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  4. DAJ Teulon
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Correspondence to RF van Toor.

Appendix

Appendix

Fig. 2
figure 2

Schematic diagrams of all data. Aerial aphid numbers collected from regional suction traps for each year in relation to insecticide protection periods during emergence to GS30 virus risk period of individual wheat crops. X-axes: days from 1 January (summer) where 125 days represents 4–5 May (mid-autumn) and 275 days 1–2 October (early spring). Y-axes: Top part of each panel shows numbers of aphids per week for each regional trap (purple line). Bottom part shows individual crop periods (grey line) ordered by emergence time, with periods protected from aphids by an insecticide applied to seeds (blue line), foliage (green line) or both (red line). Relative eventual %Yellow Dwarf Virus in each crop are shown (orange bars) (YDV = 50–0 %; far left–far right). Note that the virus assessment method in 2005 differed from that from the other years

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van Toor, R., Butler, R., Stufkens, M. et al. Lower incidence of yellow dwarf disease in autumn-sown wheat crops in New Zealand is linked with sowing dates, insecticide regimes and aerial aphid numbers. Australasian Plant Pathol. 45, 609–619 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-016-0450-3

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