Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Understanding and managing the interactions of impacts from nature-based recreation and climate change

  • Perspective
  • Published:
Ambio Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Disturbance to ecosystems in parks and protected areas from nature-based tourism and recreation is increasing in scale and severity, as are the impacts of climate change—but there is limited research examining the degree to which these anthropogenic disturbances interact. In this perspective paper, we draw on the available literature to expose complex recreation and climate interactions that may alter ecosystems of high conservation value such that important species and processes no longer persist. Our emphasis is on ecosystems in high demand for tourism and recreation that also are increasingly experiencing stress from climate change. We discuss the importance of developing predictive models of direct and indirect effects, including threshold and legacy effects at different levels of biological organization. We present a conceptual model of these interactions to initiate a dialog among researchers and managers so that new research approaches and managerial frameworks are advanced to address this emerging issue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ansong, M., and C.M. Pickering. 2014. Weed seed on clothing: A global review. Journal of Environmental Management 144: 203–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbieu, U., C. Grünewald, B. Martín-López, M. Schleuning, and K. Böhning-Gaese. 2018. Large mammal diversity matters for wildlife tourism in Southern African Protected Areas: Insights for management. Ecosystem Services 31: 481–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachelet, D., K. Ferschweiler, T. Sheehan, and J. Strittholt. 2016. Climate change effects on southern California deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 127: 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne, M., and C.M. Pickering. 2015. Recreational trails as a source of negative impacts on the persistence of keystone species and facilitation. Journal of Environmental Management 159: 48–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balmford, A., J.M. Green, M. Anderson, J. Beresford, C. Huang, R. Naidoo, M. Walpole, and A. Manica. 2015. Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas. PLoS Biology 13: e1002074.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros, A., C. Monz, and C.M. Pickering. 2015. Is tourism damaging ecosystems in the Andes? Current knowledge and an agenda for future research. Ambio 44: 82–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0550-7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, V.J., M. Beard, P.A. Zollner, E. Fernández-Juricic, L. Westphal, and C.L. LeBlanc. 2009. Understanding wildlife responses to human disturbance through simulation modelling: A management tool. Ecological Complexity 6: 113–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benning, T.L., D. LaPointe, C.T. Atkinson, and P.M. Vitousek. 2002. Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99: 14246–14249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M.O., B.J. Anderson, T.H.A. Henare, and P.M. Wehi. 2019. Effects of climatically shifting species distributions on biocultural relationships. People and Nature 1: 87–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Both, C., C.A. Van Turnhout, R.G. Bijlsma, H. Siepel, A.J. Van Strien, and R.P. Foppen. 2009. Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277: 1259–1266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusca, R.C., J.F. Wiens, W.M. Meyer, J. Eble, K. Franklin, J.T. Overpeck, and W. Moore. 2013. Dramatic response to climate change in the Southwest: Robert Whittaker’s 1963 Arizona Mountain plant transect revisited. Ecology and Evolution 3: 3307–3319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, R. 2013. Next steps in recreation ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11: 399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, R.C. 2019. Wild animals and tourism. In Anthrozoology: Human-Animal Interactions in Domesticated and Wild Animals, ed. G. Hosey and V. Melfi, 104–118. Oxford: Oxford UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, R.C., F.M. Morrison, and J.G. Castley. 2016. Net effects of ecotourism on threatened species survival. PLoS ONE 11: e0147988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, R., P. Brough, L. Hague, A. Chauvenet, C. Fleming, E. Roche, E. Sofija, and N. Harris. 2019. Economic value of protected areas via visitor mental health. Nature Communications 10: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxton, R.T., M.F. McKenna, D. Mennitt, K. Fristrup, K. Crooks, L. Angeloni, and G. Wittemyer. 2017. Noise pollution is pervasive in US protected areas. Science 356: 531–533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapra, S.C., B. Boehlert, C. Fant, V.J. Bierman Jr., J. Henderson, D. Mills, D.M.L. Mas, L. Rennels, et al. 2017. Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in U.S. freshwaters: A screening-level assessment. Environmental Science and Technology 51: 8933–8943.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, I.-C., J.K. Hill, R. Ohlemüller, D.B. Roy, and C.D. Thomas. 2011. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 333: 1024–1026.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, T.-F., and Y.-H. Chang. 2014. Comparison of physical characteristics between Rana latouchtii and Rana adenopleura using grey system theory and Artificial Neural Network. Ecological Engineering 68: 223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, M.G., T. Dietz, and J. Liu. 2018. Global relationships between biodiversity and nature-based tourism in protected areas. Ecosystem Services 34: 11–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J.M., M.J. Lajeunesse, and J.R. Rohr. 2018. A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change. Nature Climate Change 8: 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D.N., and C.A. Monz. 2002. Trampling disturbance of subalpine vegetation, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 34: 365–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D.N., P. Foti, and M. Brown. 2008. Twenty years of change on campsites in the backcountry of Grand Canyon National Park. Environmental Management 41: 959–970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunsolo Willox, A., S.L. Harper, J.D. Ford, K. Landman, K. Houle, and V.L. Edge. 2012. “From this place and of this place:” Climate change, sense of place, and health in Nunatsiavut, Canada. Social Science and Medicine 75: 538–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • D'Acunto, L.E., R.J. Spaul, J.A. Heath, and P.A. Zollner. 2018. Simulating the success of trail closure strategies on reducing human disturbance to nesting Golden Eagles. The Condor 120: 703–718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, V.H., L.A. Joyce, S. McNulty, R.P. Neilson, M.P. Ayres, M.D. Flannigan, P.J. Hanson, L.C. Irland, et al. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides. BioScience 51: 723–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, T.C., A. Muhar, A. Arnberger, O. Aznar, J.W. Boyd, K.M.A. Chan, R. Costanza, T. Elmqvist, et al. 2012. Contributions of cultural services to the ecosystem services agenda. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109: 8812–8819.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Urioste-Stone, S.M., L. Le, M.D. Scaccia, and E. Wilkins. 2016. Nature-based tourism and climate change risk: Visitors’ perceptions in Mount Desert Island, Maine. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 13: 57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz, S., J. Settele, E.S. Brondizio, H.T. Ngo, M. Guèze, J. Agard, A. Arneth, P. Balvanera, et al. 2019. IPBES. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy. Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 3–14.

  • Dwyer, J.F. 1988. Predicting daily use of urban forest recreation sites. Landscape and Urban Planning 15: 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englin, J., and K. Moeltner. 2004. The value of snowfall to skiers and boarders. Environmental and Resource Economics 29: 123–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernakovich, J.G., K.A. Hopping, A.B. Berdanier, R.T. Simpson, E.J. Kachergis, H. Steltzer, and M.D. Wallenstein. 2014. Predicted responses of arctic and alpine ecosystems to altered seasonality under climate change. Global Change Biology 20: 3256–3269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang, Y., J. Yin, and B. Wu. 2018. Climate change and tourism: A scientometric analysis using CiteSpace. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26: 108–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauchald, P., V.H. Hausner, J.I. Schmidt, and D.A. Clark. 2017. Transitions of social-ecological subsistence systems in the Arctic. International Journal of the Commons 11: 275–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, M.D., J.T. Mueller, A.R. Graefe, and A.J. Mowen. 2018. Coping with climate change: A study of Great Lakes water-based recreationists. Journal of Park and Recreation 36: 52–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisichelli, N.A., G.W. Schuurman, W.B. Monahan, and P.S. Ziesler. 2015. Protected area tourism in a changing climate: Will visitation at US National Parks warm up or overheat? PLoS ONE 10: e0128226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, B.G., and A.M.C. Freeman. 2014. Rapid upslope shifts in New Guinean birds illustrate strong distributional responses of tropical montane species to global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111: 4490–4494.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, P., J. Levison, L. Parrott, M. Larocque, M.-A. Ouellet, and D.M. Green. 2015. Modeling cross-scale relationships between climate, hydrology, and individual animals: Generating scenarios for stream salamanders. Frontiers in Environmental Science 3: 51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2015.0005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graves, R.A., S.M. Pearson, and M.G. Turner. 2019. Effects of bird community dynamics on the seasonal distribution of cultural ecosystem services. Ambio 48: 280–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-018-1068-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grebmeier, J.M., J.E. Overland, S.E. Moore, E.V. Farley, E.C. Carmack, L.W. Cooper, K.E. Frey, J.H. Helle, et al. 2006. A major ecosystem shift in the Northern Bering Sea. Science 311: 1461–1464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Growcock, A.J., C.M. Pickering, and S.W. Johnston. 2004. Walking on ashes: Short-term impacts of experimental trampling on soils after bushfire. Victorian Naturalist 12: 199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J. 1991. Assessing recreational impacts on wildlife: The value and design of experiments. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 56: 248–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J. 1993. Serial management experiments: An adaptive approach to reduce recreational impacts on wildlife. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 58: 528–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J., and W.C. Barrow Jr. 2001. Bird–landscape relations in the Chihuahuan Desert: Coping with uncertainties about predictive models. Ecological Applications 11: 1517–1532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J., and D.N. Cole. 2005. Assessment and management of wildland recreational disturbance. In Techniques for Wildlife Investigations and Management, 6th ed, ed. C.E. Braun, 779–796. Bethesda, MD: The Wildlife Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J., W.C. Barrow Jr., J.D. White, L. Johnson-Randall, B.S. Cade, and L.M. Zygo. 2010. Assessing conservation relevance of organism–environment relations using predicted changes in response variables. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1: 351–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J., S.K. Riffell, and C.H. Flather. 2015. Avian abundance thresholds, human-altered landscapes, and the challenge of assemblage-level conservation. Landscape Ecology 30: 2095–2110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutzwiller, K.J., A.L. D’Antonio, and C.A. Monz. 2017. Wildland recreation disturbance: broad-scale spatial analysis and management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15: 517–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammitt, W.E., D.N. Cole, and C.A. Monz. 2015. Wildland recreation: ecology and management. John Wiley & Sons.

  • Hannah, L. 2015. Climate Change Biology, 2nd ed. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, A.J., and R. DeFries. 2007. Ecological mechanisms linking protected areas to surrounding lands. Ecological Applications 17: 974–988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo. 2010. Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics 48: RG4004.

  • Harju, S.M., M.R. Dzialak, R.C. Taylor, L.D. Hayden-Wing, and J.B. Winstead. 2010. Thresholds and time lags in effects of energy development on greater sage-grouse populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 74: 437–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauduc, H., M.B. Neumann, D. Muschalla, V. Gamerith, S. Gillot, and P.A. Vanrolleghem. 2015. Efficiency criteria for environmental model quality assessment: A review and its application to wastewater treatment. Environmental Modelling and Software 68: 196–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausner, V.H., P. Fauchald, T. Tveraa, E. Pedersen, J. Jernsletten, B. Ulvevadet, R.A. Ims, N.G. Yoccoz, et al. 2011. The Ghost of Development Past: The Impact of Economic Security Policies on Saami Pastoral Ecosystems. Ecology and Society 16: 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinemeyer, K., J. Squires, M. Hebblewhite, J.J. O’Keefe, J.D. Holbrook, and J. Copeland. 2019. Wolverines in winter: Indirect habitat loss and functional responses to backcountry recreation. Ecosphere 10: e02611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, N.E., and E.S. Zavaleta. 2009. Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations. Biological Conservation 142: 14–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewer, M.J., and W.A. Gough. 2018. Thirty years of assessing the impacts of climate change on outdoor recreation and tourism in Canada. Tourism Management Perspectives 26: 179–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, A.A., P.D. Rymer, M. Byrne, K.X. Ruthrof, J. Whinam, M. McGeoch, D.M. Bergstrom, G.R. Guerin, B. Sparrow, L. Joseph, and S.J. Hill. 2019. Impacts of recent climate change on terrestrial flora and fauna: Some emerging Australian examples. Austral Ecology 44: 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoogendoorn, G., and J.M. Fitchett. 2018. Tourism and climate change: A review of threats and adaptation strategies for Africa. Current Issues in Tourism 21: 742–759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huitema, B.E. 1980. The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, L.M., E.P. Fenichel, D.C. Fulton, R. Mendelsohn, J.W. Smith, T.D. Tunney, A.J. Lynch, C.P. Paukert, et al. 2016. Identifying alternative pathways for climate change to impact inland recreational fishers. Fisheries 41: 362–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koutroulis, A.G., M.G. Grillakis, I.K. Tsanis, and D. Jacob. 2018. Mapping the vulnerability of European summer tourism under 2 °C global warming. Climatic Change 151: 157–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, M., and K. Johnson. 2016. Applied Predictive Modeling. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lantz, B. 2015. Machine Learning with R, 2nd ed. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemelin, H., J. Dawson, E.J. Stewart, P. Maher, and M. Lueck. 2010. Last-chance tourism: The boom, doom, and gloom of visiting vanishing destinations. Current Issues in Tourism 13: 477–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lise, W., and R.S.J. Tol. 2002. Impact of climate on tourism demand. Climatic Change 55: 429–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., H. Cheng, D. Jiang, and L. Huang. 2019. Impact of climate-related changes to the timing of autumn foliage colouration on tourism in Japan. Tourism Management 70: 262–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, N., W.N. Adger, C. Benham, K. Brown, M.I. Curnock, G.G. Gurney, P. Marshall, P.L. Pert, and L. Thiault. 2019. Reef Grief: investigating the relationship between place meanings and place change on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Sustainability Science 14: 579–587.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCreary, A., E. Seekamp, L.R. Larson, J.W. Smith, and M.A. Davenport. 2019. Predictors of visitors’ climate-related coping behaviors in a nature-based tourism destination. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 26: 23–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington (DC): Island Press. https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf

  • Monz, C.A., G.A. Meier, J.M. Welker, R.C. Buckley, D.N. Cole, and W.M. Loya. 1996. Responses of moist and dry arctic tundra to trampling and warmer temperatures. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 77: 311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monz, C.A., D.N. Cole, Y.F. Leung, and J.L. Marion. 2010. Sustaining visitor use in protected areas: Future opportunities in recreation ecology research based on the USA experience. Environmental Management 45: 551–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monz, C.A., C.M. Pickering, and W. Hadwen. 2013. Recent advances in recreation ecology and the implications of different relationships between recreation use and ecological impacts. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11: 441–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, C., and R. Agudo. 2013. The future of species under climate change: resilience or decline? Science 341: 504–508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherji, A., A. Sinisalo, M. Nüsser, R. Garrard, and M. Eriksson. 2019. Contributions of the cryosphere to mountain communities in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: a review. Regional Environmental Change 19: 1311–1326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neter, J., W. Wasserman, and M.H. Kutner. 1989. Applied Linear Regression Models, 2nd ed. Burr Ridge, IL: Richard D. Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, P., and C.M. Pickering. 2019. Factors influencing park popularity for mountain bikers, walkers and runners as indicated by social media route data. Journal of Environmental Management 249: 109413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, L.E., J.R. Squires, E.K. Roberts, A.D. Miller, J.S. Ivan, and M. Hebblewhite. 2017. Modeling large-scale winter recreation terrain selection with implications for recreation management and wildlife. Applied Geography 86: 66–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Toole, D., L.A. Brandt, M.K. Janowiak, K.M. Schmitt, P.D. Shannong, P.R. Leopold, S.D. Handler, T.A. Ontl, et al. 2019. Climate change adaptation strategies and approaches for outdoor recreation. Sustainability 11: 7030.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otrachshenko, V. and L.C. Nunes. 2019. Fire Takes No Vacation: Impact of Fires on Tourism. [online] papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020, from http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3438168

  • Pacifici, M., P. Visconti, and C. Rondinini. 2018. A framework for the identification of hotspots of climate change risk for mammals. Global Change Biology 24: 1626–1636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl, H.W., W.S. Gardner, K.E. Havens, A.R. Joyner, M.J. McCarthy, S.E. Newell, B. Qin, and J.T. Scott. 2016. Mitigating cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems impacted by climate change and anthropogenic nutrients. Harmful Algae 54: 213–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patthey, P., S. Wirthner, N. Signorelli, and R. Arlettaz. 2008. Impact of outdoor winter sports on the abundance of a key indicator species of alpine ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1704–1711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal, R., N.C. Poudyal, J.M. Bowker, A.M. Dorison, S.J. Zarnoch, and G.T. Green. 2015. A value orientation approach to assess and compare climate change risk perception among trout anglers in Georgia, USA. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 11: 22–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, R.L., and J.D.S. Darling. 1985. The greenhouse effect and nature reserves. BioScience 35: 707–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, C.M., and A. Barros. 2015. Using functional traits to assess the resistance of subalpine grassland to trampling by mountain biking and hiking. Journal of Environmental Management 164: 129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, C.M., and A. Mount. 2010. Do tourists disperse weed seed? A global review of unintentional human-mediated terrestrial seed dispersal on clothing, vehicles and horses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18: 239–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, C.M., W. Hill, D. Newsome, and Y.-L. Leung. 2010. Comparing hiking, mountain biking and horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australian and the United States of America. Journal of Environmental Management 91: 551–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piggott-McKellar, A.E., and K.E. McNamara. 2017. Last chance tourism and the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25: 397–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pounds, J.A., M.R. Bustamante, L.A. Coloma, J.A. Consuegra, M.P.L. Fogden, P.N. Foster, E. La Marca, K.L. Masters, et al. 2006. Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming. Nature 439: 161–167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pouta, E., M. Neuvonen, and T. Sievänen. 2009. Participation in cross-country skiing in Finland under climate change: Application of multiple hierarchy stratification perspective. Journal of Leisure Research 41: 92–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, R.B., and J.B. Loomis. 2004. Adaptive recreation planning and climate change: A contingent valuation approach. Ecological Economics 50: 83–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riffell, S.K., and K.J. Gutzwiller. 2009. Interannual variation in bird–landscape relations: Understanding sources of a pervasive conservation dilemma. Oikos 118: 45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riffell, S.K., K.J. Gutzwiller, and S.H. Anderson. 1996. Does repeated human intrusion cause cumulative declines in avian richness and abundance? Ecological Applications 6: 492–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G., J. Wright, D. Brown, K. Yuen, and D. Tongway. 2019. An assessment of feral horse impacts on treeless drainage lines in the Australian Alps. Ecological Management & Restoration 20: 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runge, C.A., V.H. Hausner, R.M. Daigle, and C.A. Monz. 2020. An-Arctic analysis of cultural ecosystem services using social media and automated content analysis. Environmental Research Communications 2: 075001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runting, R.K., B.A. Bryan, L.E. Dee, F.J.F. Maseyk, L. Mandle, P. Hamel, K.A. Wilson, K. Yetka, et al. 2017. Incorporating climate change into ecosystem service assessments and decisions: a review. Global Change Biology 23: 28–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanecki, G.M., K. Green, H. Wood, and D. Lindenmayer. 2006. The implications of snow-based recreation for small mammals in the subnivean space in south-east Australia. Biological Conservation 129: 511–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoennagel, T., T.T. Veblen, and W.H. Romme. 2004. The interaction of fire, fuels, and climate across Rocky Mountain forests. BioScience 54: 661–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha, U.B., and B.B. Shrestha. 2019. Climate change amplifies plant invasion hotspots in Nepal. Diversity and Distribution 25: 1599–1621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.W., E. Seekamp, A. McCreary, M. Davenport, M. Kanazawa, K. Holmberg, B. Wilson, and J. Nieber. 2016. Shifting demand for winter outdoor recreation along the North Shore of Lake Superior under variable rates of climate change: A finite-mixture modeling approach. Ecological Economics 123: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.W., E. Wilkins, R. Gayle, and C.C. Lamborn. 2018. Climate and visitation to Utah’s “Mighty 5” national parks. Tourism Geographies 20: 250–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soranno, P.A., K.S. Cheruvelil, E.G. Bissell, M.T. Bremigan, J.A. Downing, C.E. Fergus, C.T. Filstrup, E.N. Henry, et al. 2014. Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling, E.J., C. Filardi, A. Toomey, A. Sigouin, E. Betley, N. Gazit, J. Newell, S. Albert, et al. 2017. Biocultural approaches to well-being and sustainability indicators across scales. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1: 1798–1806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steven, R., C.M. Pickering, and J.G. Castley. 2011. A review of the impacts of nature based recreation on birds. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 2287–2294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, E., D. Draper, and J. Dawson. 2010. Monitoring patterns of cruise tourism across Arctic Canada. In Cruise Tourism in Polar Regions: Promoting Environmental and Social Sustainability, ed. M. Luck, P.T. Maher, and E.J. Stewart, 133–146. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumanapala, D., and I.D. Wolf. 2019. Recreational ecology: A review of research and gap analysis. Environments 6: 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thackeray, S.J., P.A. Henrys, D. Hemming, J.R. Bell, M.S. Botham, S. Burthe, P. Helaouet, D.G. Johns, et al. 2016. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels. Nature 535: 241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, J.M., R.B. Powell, and C. Monz. 2018. A systematic review of the physical and mental health benefits of wildland recreation. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 1: 123–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tribot, A.S., J. Deter, and N. Mouquet. 2018. Integrating the aesthetic value of landscapes and biological diversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285: 20180971. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turunen, M.T., S. Rasmus, M. Bavay, K. Ruosteenoja, and J. Heiskanen. 2016. Coping with difficult weather and snow conditions: Reindeer herders’ views on climate change impacts and coping strategies. Climate Risk Management 11: 15–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban, M.C. 2015. Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science 348: 571–573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaz, A.S., P. Castro-Díez, O. Godoy, Á. Alonso, M. Vilà, A. Saldaña, H. Marchante, Á. Bayón, et al. 2018. An indicator-based approach to analyse the effects of non-native tree species on multiple cultural ecosystem services. Ecological Indicators 85: 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verbos, R.I., and M.T.J. Brownlee. 2017. The Weather Dependency Framework: A tool for assessing the weather dependency of outdoor recreation activities. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 18: 88–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verbos, R.I., B. Altschuler, and M.T.J. Brownlee. 2018. Weather studies in outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism: A research synthesis and gap analysis. Leisure Sciences 40: 533–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verrall, B., and C.M. Pickering. 2018. Can a critically endangered alpine plant community recover from bushfire in a warming world? Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia Conference. Brisbane, November 2018: 197–198.

  • Verrall, B., and C.M. Pickering. 2020. Climate change and alpine vegetation: A global review. Science of the Total Environment 748: 141344.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J., J.J. Rotella, S.E. Stephens, M.S. Lindberg, J.K. Ringelman, C. Hunter, and A.J. Smith. 2013. Time-lagged variation in pond density and primary productivity affects duck nest survival in the Prairie Pothole Region. Ecological Applications 23: 1061–1074.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M., M. Groulx, C.J. Lemieux, D. Scott, and J. Dawson. 2019. Balancing the dual mandate of conservation and visitor use at a Canadian world heritage site in an era of rapid climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27: 1318–1327.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, E.R. 2019. Minimum time required to detect population trends: The need for long-term monitoring programs. BioScience 69: 40–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens, J.J. 2016. Climate-related local extinctions are already widespread among plant and animal species. PLoS Biology 14: e2001104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, C. 1999. Global and local threats to coral reef functioning and existence: review and predictions. Marine and Freshwater Research 50: 867–878.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R.J. 2019. Science as an antidote to horse trading in the Australian Alps. Ecological Management and Restoration 20: 4–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wraith, J., and C.M. Pickering. 2017. Tourism and recreation a global threat to orchids. Biodiversity and Conservation 26: 3407–3420.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work of Christopher Monz was supported by the CONNECT Project (National Science Foundation award # 1534006; Belmont Forum). The work of Vera Hausner was financed by CONNECT (Belmont Forum, Arctic CRA I) and BlueTrans (Norwegian Research Council). Kevin Gutzwiller thanks Baylor University for supporting this research. Work by Mark Brunson was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment & Society, Utah State University, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-5215, USA

    Christopher A. Monz & Mark W. Brunson

  2. Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place, # 97388, Waco, TX, 76798-7388, USA

    Kevin J. Gutzwiller

  3. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway

    Vera Helene Hausner

  4. Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Australia

    Ralf Buckley

  5. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia

    Catherine M. Pickering

Authors
  1. Christopher A. Monz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kevin J. Gutzwiller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vera Helene Hausner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mark W. Brunson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ralf Buckley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Catherine M. Pickering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher A. Monz.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Monz, C.A., Gutzwiller, K.J., Hausner, V.H. et al. Understanding and managing the interactions of impacts from nature-based recreation and climate change. Ambio 50, 631–643 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01403-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01403-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation