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Towards a revised generic classification of lecanoroid lichens (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence

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Abstract

The phylogenetic relationship of lecanoroid lichens is studied using two data sets: 1) a 2-locus data set including 251 OTUs representing 150 species, and 2) a 6-locus data set with 82 OTUs representing 53 species. The genus Lecanora as currently circumscribed is shown to be highly polyphyletic and several genera, including Adelolecia, Arctopeltis, Bryonora, Carbonea, Frutidella, Lecidella, Miriquidica, Palicella, Protoparmeliopsis, Pyrrhospora, and Rhizoplaca are nested within Lecanora sensu lato. A core group of Lecanora is supported as monophyletic and includes species of the L. carpinea, L. rupicola, and L. subcarnea groups, and a core group of the L. subfusca group. Three monophyletic clades that are well supported in our analyses and well characterized by phenotypical characters are accepted here: 1) Myriolecis to accommodate the Lecanora dispersa group and Arctopeltis; 2) Protoparmeliopsis for the L. muralis group; and 3) Rhizoplaca is emended to include three placodioid taxa previously classified in Lecanora (L. novomexicana. L. opiniconensis, L. phaedrophthalma), whereas R. aspidophora and R. peltata are excluded from Rhizoplaca. The latter is transferred into Protoparmeliopsis. Lecidella is strongly supported as a monophyletic group. Our studies indicate the presence of additional clades of species currently placed in Lecanora sensu lato that warrant taxonomic recognition but additional data will be necessary before the circumscription of these entities is fully understood. 37 new combinations are proposed into the genera Myriolecis (30), Protoparmeliopsis (2), and Rhizoplaca (5).

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Acknowledgments

The project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170187, 31570017). We thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting the first author’s study at the Field Museum (Chicago). Jolanta Miadlikowska is thanked for kind assistance with transferring isolates (Duke University). SPO was supported by grant CTM2012-38222-C02-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

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  1. Sergio Pérez-Ortega

    Present address: Real Jardín Botánico, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China

    Xin Zhao, Zun Tian Zhao & Lu Lu Zhang

  2. Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA

    Steven D. Leavitt & H. Thorsten Lumbsch

  3. Biological Museum, Lund University, Box 117, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden

    Ulf Arup

  4. Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Martin Grube

  5. Departamento Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain

    Sergio Pérez-Ortega

  6. Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Christian Printzen

  7. Laboratory of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31–512, Kraków, Poland

    Lucyna Śliwa

  8. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand

    Ekaphan Kraichak

  9. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Pradeep K. Divakar & Ana Crespo

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  1. Xin Zhao
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Correspondence to H. Thorsten Lumbsch.

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Zhao, X., Leavitt, S.D., Zhao, Z.T. et al. Towards a revised generic classification of lecanoroid lichens (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Fungal Diversity 78, 293–304 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0354-5

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