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A comparative study of Neogymnomyces virgineus, a new keratinolytic species from dung, and its relationships with the Onygenales

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Abstract

Isolations of onygenalean fungi were made recently from different dung samples from Italy. A striking snow-white species with gymnothecial ascomata, developed in damp chamber on dormouse dung collected in a cave, was subjected to keratinolytic tests and morphological, cultural, and phylogenetic studies. The keratinolytic ability of this species, associated with a Chrysosporium anamorph and a sexual state of appendiculate reticuloperidia and oblate ascospores, allows it to be accomodated in Onygenaceae. White ascomata, blunt or subcapitate peridial appendages, pitted ascospores, and tuberculate conidia suggest it to be a new Neogymnomyces, and this was confirmed by parsimony analyses of LSU and ITS nrDNA sequences. Following recent phylogenetic analyses, the morphological and physiological features of order Onygenales and its families are re–examined and discussed. After the introduction of a new species, Neogymnomyces is reviewed and compared with all other genera in Onygenaceae. The Chrysosporium imperfect state of Neogymnomyces virgineus is described and compared to the anamorph of N. demonbreunii. It is also compared to the atypical Chrysosporium merdarium and to several other Chrysosporium species with echinulate to verrucose–tuberculate conidia, isolated from guano, dung, and nitrogen–rich soils in caves. The onygenalean fungi isolated from any kind of dung are discussed and their facultative coprophily ascribed to variable faecal contents of keratin or other degradable substances. A key to the families and genera of the Onygenales is provided.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Riccardo Antonelli for the support at the Scanning Electron Microscope, Maurizio Forti and Antonio Zapparata for technical support, Fabio Ponzo for assistance and advices on the phylogenetic analyses during his graduate studies, and Alberto Bizzi for providing them with a part of material subject of this study.

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  1. Department of Tree Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology “G. Scaramuzzi”, Section Plant Pathology, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Francesco Doveri, Susanna Pecchia, Mariarosaria Vergara, Sabrina Sarrocco & Giovanni Vannacci

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  1. Francesco Doveri
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Correspondence to Francesco Doveri.

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Doveri, F., Pecchia, S., Vergara, M. et al. A comparative study of Neogymnomyces virgineus, a new keratinolytic species from dung, and its relationships with the Onygenales. Fungal Diversity 52, 13–34 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0120-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0120-2

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