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Nanohybrid electrochemical enzyme sensor for xanthine determination in fish samples

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Abstract

An amperometric biosensor for xanthine was designed, based on covalent immobilization of xanthine oxidase (XO) of Bacillus pumilus RL-2d onto a screen-printed multi-walled carbon nanotubes gold nanoparticle-based electrodes (Nano-Au/c-MWCNT). The carboxyl groups at the electrode surface were activated by the use of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide) (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The working electrode was then coated with 6 μL of xanthine oxidase (0.273 U/mg protein). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) study was done for the characterization of the sensor using [K3Fe(CN)6] as an artificial electron donor. The sensitivity (S) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the biosensor were 2388.88 µA/cm2/nM (2.388 µA/cm2/µM) and 1.14 nM, respectively. The developed biosensor was used for determination of fish meat freshness.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the University Grants Commission vide F. No. 39-274/2010 (SRF) to Nirmal Kant Sharma for financial assistance. Tek Chand Bhalla greatly acknowledges UGC, New Delhi for BSR-Faculty Fellowship (F. No. 18-1/2011 (BSR)/24th Feb 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Himachal Pradesh, Gyan-Path, Shimla, 171005, India

    Nirmal Kant Sharma,  Monika, Shikha Thakur, Neerja Thakur,  Sheetal & Tek Chand Bhalla

  2. Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, India

    Ankur Kaushal & Dinesh Kumar

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  1. Nirmal Kant Sharma
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  2. Monika
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  3. Ankur Kaushal
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Correspondence to Tek Chand Bhalla.

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The authors declare no studies with animals or human participant.

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Sharma, N.K., Monika, Kaushal, A. et al. Nanohybrid electrochemical enzyme sensor for xanthine determination in fish samples. 3 Biotech 11, 212 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02735-6

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