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Zinc biosorption, biochemical and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting zinc-tolerant bacteria

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Abstract

Zinc plays a key role in plant nutrition at low levels; however, at higher concentrations Zn ions can be highly phytotoxic and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be used to reduce such metal toxicity. In the present investigation we had reported the zinc biosorption and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting zinc-tolerant bacteria. Initially, thirty bacteria having zinc solubilizing ability were screened for MIC against zinc ion and displayed high value of MIC ranging from 2.5 to 62.5 mM. Biochemically, all the 30 isolates showed significant difference in the 6 biochemical tests performed. The molecular diversity studies based on the repetitive DNA PCR viz, REP, ERIC and BOX elements showed significant genetic diversity among these 30 zinc-tolerant bacteria. These ZTB strains also showed multiple PGP activities and all ZTB strains were found positive for production of IAA, GA3 and ammonia, whereas 24 were found positive for ACC deaminase activity, 8 showed siderophore production and 9 ZTB isolates were positive for HCN production. Out of 30 isolates, 24 showed phosphorus solubilization activity, 30 showed potash solubilization, 15 showed silica solubilization and 27 showed phytase production activities. All the 30 ZTB stains showed zinc solubilization up to 0.25% insoluble ZnO in the medium, whereas at 2% ZnO in MSM only 12 isolates showed solubilization which were further selected for zinc biosorption and pot studies. The heavy metal removal studies revealed that ZTB stains were able to remove zinc ions effectively from the medium efficiently and the highest zinc biosorption (< 90%) was recorded with the bacterial strain Z-15. Further, the inoculation of ZTB strains under zinc stress conditions (pot containing 1000 mg/kg Zn) resulted in significant increase of shoot length, root length and total chlorophyll content in maize seedlings compared with the uninoculated control. The partial 16S rDNA sequence of the potential ZTB isolates viz. Z-15, Z-24, Z-28 and Z-29 revealed their identity as Serratia sp. The ability of these zinc-tolerant bacteria to tolerate the toxic level of zinc may serve as suitable candidates for developing microbial formulations for the growth of crop plants in Zn-contaminated areas.

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Abbreviations

ZTB:

Zinc-tolerant bacteria

Zn:

Zinc

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

AAS:

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ERIC:

Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus

REP:

Repetitive extragenic palindromic

BOX:

BOX-A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

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Acknowledgements

The financial assistance from All India Network Project on soil biodiversity and biofertilizers and Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) are highly acknowledged. Ms. Suman Sanadhaya thanks CSIR for the award of Senior Research Fellowships. The support from Dean, RCA and Director of Research, MPUAT is also greatfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Ramandeep Kour, Devendra Jain, Ali Asger Bhojiya, Aradhana Sukhwal, Suman Sanadhya & Heena Saheewala

  2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Gajanand Jat

  3. Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Abhijeet Singh

  4. All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity-Biofertilizers, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India

    Santosh Ranjan Mohanty

  5. Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan, India

    Ali Asger Bhojiya

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  1. Ramandeep Kour
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Contributions

DJ and SRM designed the research. RK, AAB, AS, SS, HS performed the experiments and interpreted the data. GJ performed soil and AAS analysis. DJ, SRM and AS wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Devendra Jain.

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Kour, R., Jain, D., Bhojiya, A.A. et al. Zinc biosorption, biochemical and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting zinc-tolerant bacteria. 3 Biotech 9, 421 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1959-2

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