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Genetic engineering strategies for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality enhancement in horticultural crops: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

Genetic engineering technique offers myriads of applications in improvement of horticultural crops for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and produce quality enhancement. During last two decades, a large number of transgenic horticultural crops has been developed and more are underway. A number of genes including natural and synthetic Cry genes, protease inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors and cystatin genes have been used to incorporate insect and nematode resistance. For providing protection against fungal and bacterial diseases, various genes like chitinase, glucanase, osmotin, defensin and pathogenesis-related genes are being transferred to many horticultural crops world over. RNAi technique has been found quite successful in inducing virus resistance in horticultural crops in addition to coat protein genes. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and salinity adversely affect production and productivity of horticultural crops and a number of genes encoding for biosynthesis of stress protecting compounds including mannitol, glycine betaine and heat shock proteins have been employed for abiotic stress tolerance besides various transcription factors like DREB1, MAPK, WRKY, etc. Antisense gene and RNAi technologies have revolutionized the pace of improvement of horticultural crops, particularly ornamentals for color modification, increasing shelf-life and reducing post-harvest losses. Precise genome editing tools, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have been efficiently applied in tomato, petunia, citrus, grape, potato and apple for gene mutation, repression, activation and epigenome editing. This review provides comprehensive overview to draw the attention of researchers for better understanding of genetic engineering advancements in imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as on improving various traits related to quality, texture, plant architecture modification, increasing shelf-life, etc. in different horticultural crops.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173 230, India

    Nehanjali Parmar

  2. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321 303, India

    Kunwar Harendra Singh, Deepika Sharma, Lal Singh & Ajay Kumar Thakur

  3. National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Pankaj Kumar

  4. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India

    J. Nanjundan

  5. Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Yasin Jeshima Khan

  6. Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu, J&K, 180 009, India

    Devendra Kumar Chauhan

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Parmar, N., Singh, K.H., Sharma, D. et al. Genetic engineering strategies for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality enhancement in horticultural crops: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 7, 239 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0870-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0870-y

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