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Development of a screening method to rapidly discriminate extravirgin olive oil from other edible vegetable oil by means of direct sample analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry

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Abstract

Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality olive oil mainly due to its beneficial constituents and nutritional properties. However, olive oil adulteration is a common fraudulent practice by deliberate mislabelling of less expensive oil categories and admixing expensive olive oils with low oils. To protect consumers from such commercial frauds, an easy and fast method to detect the real composition of oil is needed. For this study we used direct sampling analysis (DSA) coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (AxION2 TOF Perkin Elmer) to analyse the fatty acid composition of three types of edible oil: extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil and seed oil (EVOO, ROO, and SO respectively) to find a marker that could distinguish between them. Good precision in repeatability and reproducibility (RSD% < 15%) was obtained. The fatty acid ratio between the oleic acid/oleic acid dimer was able to distinguish EVOO from the other two types of oil, while the ratio between linoleic and oleic acid was found to discriminate refined oil from seed oil. The development of an easy, fast and cost-effective method can help to limit commercial frauds, increase the number of controlled samples, and enhance food control along the commercial chain.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health under Grant no. IZSPLV 10-17-RC.

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Author notes

  1. Esposito Giovanna and Sciuto Simona have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy

    Giovanna Esposito, Simona Sciuto, Cinzia Cocco, Giuseppe Ru & Pier Luigi Acutis

Authors
  1. Giovanna Esposito
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  2. Simona Sciuto
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  3. Cinzia Cocco
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  4. Giuseppe Ru
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  5. Pier Luigi Acutis
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Contributions

Sciuto Simona, as corresponding author, is responsible for ensuring that the descriptions are accurate and agreed by all authors. She was also responsible for carried out the work, data analysis and wrote the manuscript. Esposito Giovanna was responsible for conceiving the idea, carried out the work, data analysis and wrote the manuscript. Acutis Pier Luigi supervised the work. Ru Giuseppe and Cocco Cinzia are responsible for statistycal analysis.

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Correspondence to Simona Sciuto.

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Author Simona Sciuto declares that she has not conflict of interest. Author Giovanna Esposito declares that she has not conflict of interest. Author Pierluigi Acutis declares that he has not conflict of interest. Author Cocco Cinzia declares that she has not conflict of interest. Author Giuseppe Ru declares that he has not conflict of interest.

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Esposito, G., Sciuto, S., Cocco, C. et al. Development of a screening method to rapidly discriminate extravirgin olive oil from other edible vegetable oil by means of direct sample analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry. J Food Sci Technol 59, 686–692 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y

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