Abstract
Soybean is a major source of high quality protein and oil and soybean seed quality is often determined by seed nutritional and antinutritional parameters. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics and nutritional composition of some new soybean genotypes. Hundred seed weight and volume of soybean genotypes ranged from 8.7 to 11.1 g and 8.1 to 12.0 ml respectively, whereas, percent water absorption and percent volume expansion values ranged from 94.3 to 119.5% and 70.8 to 159.5% respectively. The genotypes contained % crude protein (39.4–44.4), oil (14.0–18.7), starch (4.3–6.7), total soluble sugars (5.6–7.9), reducing sugars (0.21–0.33) and sucrose (5.6–11.8). The free fatty acid and triglyceride content ranged from 31–71 mg 100 g−1 oil and 90.1–93.9 g 100 g−1 oil respectively. The antinutritional components determined include: mg g−1 TIA (41.5–85.0), phytate (2.3–5.6), total phenols (1.0–1.5), flavonols (0.20–0.34) and ortho-dihydroxy phenols (0.10–0.21). A significant variation for the 11S/7S ratio was observed among the 8 soybean genotypes and the values ranged from 0.70 (‘SL 768’ and ‘SL 869’) to 2.4 (‘SL 794’).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC
Azevedo A, Gomes JC, Stringheta PC, Gontijo AMC, Padovani CR, Riberio LRZ (2003) Black bean as a protective agent against DNA damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 41:1671–1676
Balabaa SI, Zaki AY, ElShamy AM (1974) Total flavonoids and rutin content of the different organs of Sophora japonica L. J Assoc Anal Chem 57:752–755
Campos-Vega R, Loarca-Pina G, Oomah BD (2010) Minor components of pulses and their potential impact on human health. Food Res Intl 43:461–482
Carrao-Panizzi MC, Kwanyuen P, Erhan SZ, Lopes ION (2008) Genetic variation and environmental effects on beta–conglycinin and glycinin content in Brazilian soybean cultivars. Pesquisa Agropecuria Brasileira 43:1105–1114
Christie WW (1972) Lipid analysis. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 52–56
Clegg KM (1956) The application of the anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals. J Sci Food Agric 7:40–44
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rober PA, Smith F (1956) Calorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350–356
Ertl DS, Yuong KA, Raboy V (1998) Plant genetic approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural production. J Environ Qual 27:299–304
Fehr WR, Hoeck JA, Johnson SL, Murphy PA, Nott JD, Padilla GI, Welke GA (2003) Genotype and environment influence on protein components of soybean. Crop Sci 43:511–514
Folch J, Less M, Sloane-Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509
Gaitonde MK (1967) A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of cysteine in the presence of other naturally occurring amino acids. J Biochem 104:627–633
Gehan AEE, Amin AY (2010) Assessment level of some antinutritional and nutritional factors in some Egyptian cultivated soybean and barley. Res J Agric Biol Sci 6:481–486
Guillamon E, Pedrosa MM, Burbano C, Cuadrado C, Muzquiz M (2008) The trypsin inhibitors present in seeds of different grain legume species and cultivar. J Food Chem 107:68–74
Guleria S, Sharma S, Munshi SK (2007) Compositional changes in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds influenced by their positions on stem axis. J Food Sci Technol 44:607–610
Helzlsouer KJ, Huang HY, Alberg AJ, Hoffman S, Burke A, Norkus EP, Morris JS, Comstock GW (2000) Association between α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, selenium and subsequent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:2018–2023
Horn MJ, Jones B, Blum AE (1946) Colorimetric determination of methionine in protein and food. J Biol Chem 166:313–320
Hou A, Chen P, Alloatti J, Mozzoni L, Zhang B, Shi A (2009) Genetic variability of seed sugar content in worldwide soybean germplasm collections. Crop Sci 49:903–912
Joshi OP (2003) Future perspective in India. Soybean Res 1:29–42
Kakede ML, Rackis JJ, Mcghee JE, Pushki G (1974) Determination of trypsin inhibitor activity of soy products: a collaborative analysis of an improved procedure. Cereal Chem 51:376–382
Karr-Lilienthal LK, Kadzere CT, Grieshop CM, Fahley GC Jr (2005) Chemical and nutritional properties of soybean carbohydrates as related to nonruminants: a review. Livestock Produc Sci 97:1–12
Kitamura K, Kaizuma N (1981) Mutant strains with low level of subunits of 7S globulin in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) seed. Japanese J Breeding 31:353–359
Krishna A, Singh G, Kumar D, Agarwal K (2003) Physico-chemical characteristics of some new varieties of soybean. J Food Sci Technol 40:490–492
Kumar V, Rani A, Tindwani C, Jain M (2003) Lipoxygenase isozymes and trypsin inhibitor activities in soybean as influenced by growing location. Food Chem 83:79–83
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685
Lajalo FM, Genevese M (2002) Nutritional significance of lectins and enzyme inhibitors from legumes. J Agric Food Chem 50:6592–6598
Lee YP, Takahashi T (1966) An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with use of ninhydrin. Anal Biochem 14:71–77
Liener IE (1981) Factors affecting the nutritional quality of soya products. J Am Oil Chem Soc 58:406–415
Lokuruka MN (2010) Soybean nutritional properties: the good and the bad about soy foods consumption- A Review. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Develop 10:2439–2458
Munshi SK, Vats S, Dhillon KS, Sukhija PS (1990) Lipid biosynthesis in seeds of mustard (Brassica juncea) influenced by zinc and sulphur deficiency. Physiol Plant 79:1–7
Murphy PA, Resurreccion A (1984) Varietal and environmental differences in soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin content. J Agric Food Chem 32:911–915
Nair PM, Vaidyanathan S (1964) A colorimetric method for the determination of pyrocatechol and related substances. Anal Biochem 7:315–321
Nelson N (1944) A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for determination of glucose. J Biol Chem 153:375–380
Pant R, Tulsiani DRP (1969) Solubility, amino acid composition and biological evaluation of proteins isolated from leguminous seeds. J Agric Food Chem 17:361–369
Raboy V, Gerbasi P, Young KA, Stoneberg S, Pickett SG, Bauman AT, Murthy PPN, Sheridan WF, Ertl DS (2000) Origin and seed phenotype of maize low phytic acid 1–1 and low phytic acid 2–1. Plant Physiol 124:355–368
Ramteke R, Kumar V, Murlidharan P, Agarwal DK (2010) Study on genetic variability and traits interrelationship among released soybean varieties in India [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Elect J Plant Breeding 1:1483–1487
Roy F, Boye JI, Simpson BK (2010) Bioactive proteins and peptides in pulse crops: pea, chickpea and lentil. Food Res Intl 43:432–442
Santhan RH, Shivshankar GC (1978) Cooking characteristics of Horse grain. Indian J Agric Sci 48:399–401
Saxena GP, Agrawal P, Agrawal RC (2008) Status of area crop condition production estimates for soybean kharif. IInd estimates (Third Report) ref.:SOPA/2.11/RCA/2007/39. Soybean Processors Association of India, Indore
SOPA (2009) The Soybean Processors Association of India. Area and Production estimates of soybean in India-kharif (Monsoon). Based on crop survey conducted by SOPA
Swain J, Hillis WE (1959) The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J Sci Food Agric 10:63–68
Thanh VH, Shibasaki K (1977) Beta-conglycinin from soybean proteins. Isolation and immunological and physicochemical properties of the monomeric forms. Biochem Biophys Acta 490:370–384
Vaintraub IA, Lapteva NA (1988) Colorimetric determination of phytate in unpurified extracts of seeds and products of their processing. Anal Biochem 175:227–230
Valdebouze P, Bergeron E, Gaborit T, Delort-Laval J (1980) Content and distribution of trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins in some legume seeds. Can J Plant Sci 60:695–701
Wang C, Wikson R (1999) Phytochemicals in soybeans-their potential health benefits. Inform 10:315–320
Weaver CM, Kannan S (2002) Phytate and mineral bioavailability. In: Sathe, Reddy SK (eds) Food phytates. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 211–224
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, S., Kaur, M., Goyal, R. et al. Physical characteristics and nutritional composition of some new soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes. J Food Sci Technol 51, 551–557 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0517-7
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0517-7