Résumé
Cent quatre vingt-dix (190) souches de Shigella flexneri provenant du Centre national sénégalais des entérobactéries sis à l’Institut Pasteur de Dakar, isolées entre 2001 et 2010 ont été étudiées. L’étude de la sensibilité des souches aux antibiotiques a été réalisée par antibiogramme. La détection et la caractérisation des intégrons et des gènes de résistance a été faite par amplification génique en utilisant des amorces spécifiques et séquençage. L’étude de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques a montré des taux de résistance élevés visà-vis des cyclines 95 %, du cotrimoxazole 60 %, de l’ampicilline 55 %. Dix-neuf souches résistaient aux céphalosporines (10 %). Deux souches étaient résistantes aux quinolones et une souche résistait à l’imipénème. L’étude du support génétique de ces résistances a permis de détecter les gènes tetB, dfr, cat, bla tem1 , bla oxa30 , bla shv , bla CTX-M , bla KPC , bla IMP , gyrA, gyrB, parC et parE. Les intégrons de classe 1 étaient majoritaires suivis des intégrons de classe 2. Les cassettes bla oxa30 , aadA1/aadA2, dfrA1, dfrA7 ont été retrouvées sur les intégrons de classe 1. Les intégrons de classe 2 présentaient trois types d’organisation de cassettes. Aucun intégron de classe 3 n’a été détecté. L’étude de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques a montré, qu’en plus des résistances classiques observées chez les souches de S. flexneri, des résistances vis-à-vis des céphalosporines de 3e génération et des fluoroquinolones émergent. Ces molécules doivent être utilisées avec prudence dans le traitement des shigelloses.
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of death with 14.7 million deaths in 2001 and 26% of global mortality worldwide according to WHO. Shigella species are prevalent in tropical areas; they are present all the year, with epidemic outbreaks in rainy season. Between 2001 and 2010 one hundred ninety (190) strains of Shigella flexneri isolated from National Senegalese Enterobacteriaceae Center located at the Pasteur Institute in Dakar were studied. Susceptibility was performed by antibiogram following the CASFM recommendations. Detection and characterization of integrons and resistance genes was done by PCR using specific primers and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility showed high percentage resistance to tetracycline: 95%, cotrimoxazole 60%, ampicillin 55%. Nineteen strains were cephalosporin resistant (10%). Two isolates were resistant to quinolones and one was imipenem resistant. Genes tet, dfr, cat, bla tem1 , bla oxa30 , bla shv , bla CTX-M , blakpc,bla IMP , gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were detected on isolates. Integrons harbored genes resistance. The class 1 integron predominated followed by class 2 integron. Genes bla oxa30 , aadA1/aadA2 dfrA1, dfrA7 were found on class 1 integron. Class 2 integron showed three different types cassettes. No class 3 integron was detected. Genes dfrA1, dfrA7, sat, and aadA1 were harbouring by integrons. Antibiotic susceptibility showed that Shigella flexneri strains are resistant to the first line drugs used to treat shigellosis in Senegal. Resistance to 3rd generation of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones emerged and is of great concern. These molecules must be used with caution in the treatment of shigellosis.
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Sambe-Ba, B., Seck, A., Wane, A.A. et al. Sensibilité aux antibiotiques et supports génétiques de la résistance des souches de Shigella flexneri isolées à Dakar de 2001 à 2010. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 106, 89–94 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-013-0283-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-013-0283-z