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Paleoenvironments and reservoir characteristics of Paleogene strata, Southwest Tarim Basin

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Abstract

Paleogene strata in Southwest Tarim Basin are important hosts of hydrocarbons with the highest quality reservoirs, a product of depositional environment, diagenesis and tectonics. The Paleogene interval is composed, in ascending order, of the Altash, Zimugen, Karatar, Wulagen and Bashbluk formations. Five facies associations are interpreted, respectively, as gypsum bay, alluvial fan-braided river, intertidal flat, supratidal flat and restricted platform. Stratigraphic evolution of Paleogene is recorded in vertical changes of sedimentary environment and climate. At least four transgressive–regressive cycles are recognized that can be correlated with the global eustatic changes. Detailed paleoenvironmental analysis laid a foundation for predicting the reservoir rocks in this mixed clastic–carbonate sequence. Braided channel sandstone and restricted platform grainstone constitute the best reservoirs in Paleogene. The most important diagenetic processes in sandstones that resulted in porosity and permeability changes are mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution of unstable clastic grains and cements, whereas in carbonate rocks, the dominant factors are cementation and dissolution. Tectonic fracturing developed in multiple stages in Paleogene has played an important role in improving the quality of reservoir rocks. Stratigraphic evolution of the Paleogene resulted in stacking of seal rocks above reservoirs during the late transgressive and regressive phases of sedimentation.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge NSFC (410023) and Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Project (14JS081, 14JS083) for financial support. Sincere gratitude should go to Professor Kenneth A. Eriksson who has helped me in my study. Wenqing Pan, Changmin Zeng, Yongquan Chen, and Bo Zhang are thanked for field work surveying and guidance.

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  1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China

    Feng Guo, Yankai Zhu & Qi Pan

  2. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Xiaoxia Peng

  3. China National Petroleum Corporation, Exploration and Development Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China

    Wenfang Yuan & Zhilin Yang

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  1. Feng Guo
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FG:Resources, Methodology, Writing - Original Draft, Funding acquisition, figures 1-9, Writing - review & editing. YZ:Resources, Methodology, Revised QP: prepared figures 12-14, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft WY and ZY: Resources, Methodology XP: prepared figures 10-11, Writing - review & editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Guo, F., Zhu, Y., Peng, X. et al. Paleoenvironments and reservoir characteristics of Paleogene strata, Southwest Tarim Basin. Carbonates Evaporites 38, 76 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-023-00902-9

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